1910.] TUE BLOOD OF GROUSE, 729 



great as tliat of fowls with >S. ijaUiaarum investigated hy Levaditi 

 and Balfour. 



(/?) The jjresence of Leucocytozoon lovati in the Ijlood of grouse 

 is associated with luononuclear leucocytosis. A dift'erential leuco- 

 cyte count of the blood of one of the grouse containing L. lovati 

 gave ; 



Lymphocytes 63-0 i>er cent. 



Large mononuclears 28'0 ,, ,, 



Polymoi'phonnclears 55 ,, ,, 



Eosinophiles 2-5 ,, ,, 



Mast cells 1-0 „ „ 



There was also evidence of polychromatophilia in the red cells 

 of grouse infected with Leucocytozoon lovati. 



(y) Eimeria (Coccidium) avium also has its eflfect, indirectly, 

 on the blood. Birds suffering from coccidiosis became anfemic. 

 The paleness of the blood is due to the diminished number of 

 red cells in the blood. Estimations of the ha?moglobin value by 

 Tallqvist's scale gave 60-70 in the case of gTouse chicks suffering 

 from coccidiosis, 80-90 for healthy grouse chicks. 



There is an increased number of polymorphoniiclear leucocytes 

 (crystalloid eosinophiles). Diff'ei'ential leucocyte counts of two 

 grouse-chicks dying from coccidiosis gave : 



Polymoi'phonuclears 31 "5 to 39*5 per cent. 



Eosinophiles 3 5 to 5*5 „ „ 



Large mononuclears 13-0 to 31*0 ,, ,, 



Lymphocytes 26-0 to 50-0 „ ,, 



Mast cells 0-6 per cent. 



In Mammals an increase in the number of polymorphonuclear 

 leucocytes occurs in inflammation, especially locally. The 

 increase in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (crystalloid eosino- 

 philes) is probably to be associated with the intestinal inflamma- 

 tion caused by the presence of Coccidian parasites. 



Similarly in a fowl chick dying of coccidiosis, I obtained the 

 following diflTerential leucocyte count : 



Polymorphonuclears 47 percent. 



Eosinophiles 2 ,, „ 



Mononuclears 29"5 ,, ,, 



Lymphocytes 20*5 ,, ,, 



Mast cells 1 „ 



The blood of this fowl chick * contained basophile spindle- 

 shaped cells (PI. LXIII. fig. 18). 



{I) Ilehniidhiasis is common in gi'ouse. The vai-ious worms 

 found in grouse have been well described by Shipley (1909). 



* Burnett g-ivos the following difl'erential leucocyte count of normal fowl's 

 blood: — FolynuM-plionuclears 28'8 per cent., eosinophiles .3'3 p. c, large mono 

 uuclears 5"5 p. c. lyuipluicytes 38 p. c^ mast cells i'3 p. c. 



