844 Mif. i;. I. rocdCK os tiii'. [Junf 14, 



p:iiis, liowevor, seem to l)e invariable in tlietriie Cervitl.T ; never- 

 thAvss, 3 fosc/ni. 9, soiiietinies at all exents, has only a sinijle pair, 

 anil two pairs are t"(imiil in the nLijurity of the Bovithe. In the 

 Cai>rinfe and Antilopina-, iiouexer, only a single pair is, as a rule, 

 founil. and these represent the posterior pair of the quatlrimam- 

 inate genera : but in 8heep, Goiits, and (xazelles the maninue of 

 the anterior pair are so conunonly retained in a vestigial state 

 that it is tndy possible to attirni of these genera that they usually 

 have l)ut a single pair of maninui". 



1 found, on the contrary, as I anticipated, that the glands, and 

 especiidly the pedal glands, sometimes supplied valuable con- 

 firmatoi'v evidence of kinship I)et\veen genera already affiliated for 

 other reasons, and sometimes showed greater divergence Ijet ween 

 genera than was pi'eviously suspected to exist. But neither the 

 presence nor the absence of the glands could be considered as 

 furnishing in itself evidence of kinship, without other characters 

 being taken into account, because it was clear that the glands had 

 been independently suppressed in genera belonging to different 

 gioups. 



While working at the pedal glands I was greatly impressed by 

 the difference in the structure of tlie feet Avith respect to the en- 

 croachment of the '* web,'' or junctional integument, of the digits 

 over the interdigital area., and to the manner in which it is folded. 

 In the case of dried skins it is generally impossible to sid)stantiate 

 the presence of glandular layers ; Init the interdigital clefts which 

 residt from the folding of the integument of the pastern can 

 always be detected whether they be specially glandular or not. 

 It must be remembei'ed, howevei-, that, sti-ictly speaking, glands 

 are never absent, since the skin is furnished with sebaceous 

 and sweat glands which form the basis of the specialised glands 

 liere desci-ibed. The statement that glands are absent merely 

 means that macroscopic inspection fails to reveal evidence of a 

 specialised area of glandulai- activity or of a pai-ticular rece})fcH'le 

 for the storage of seci-etions. 



The terminology of the glands and of oihei' features employed 

 in this paper is as follows : — 



J'W)i : the terminal portion of tlie leg between the carpo-meta- 

 carpal or taiso-metatarsal joint and tlie apex f)f the hoof. 

 Fetlock • the carpo-metacari)al or tarso-metatarsal joint. 

 Pastern. : the area between the fetlock and the hoofs. 

 Hoof: the ternn"nal portion of the foot, consisting of tiie pair 

 of distal phalanges, each of \yhich is covered with naked skin which 

 is softer close to the pastern than distally, where it is protected in 

 front and laterally by the tiail ; the suppoiting area of the hoof 

 is composed of the sole in front and the keel behind ; the heel-tie 

 is the integument which joins the iieels together ; and the inter- 

 nni/ual inteyimieut is the skin that extends forwards from the 

 lieels to the front of the pastern al)ove the hoof. 



P('(l((l (/latifh are tlie larger or smaller pocket-like or tlask-liko 

 invaginations of the skin which oiicn upon the front of the 



