1910.] CUTANEOUS SCENT-GLANDS OF RUMINANTS. 851 



area of wrinkled skin Inuied in the haii-s of the top of the head. 

 At no time did I see any discharge or secretion coming from them. 

 At their best they projected well above the longest hairs on the 

 parietal area of the head as a pair of rounded cushion-like excre- 

 scences of pui'ple skin studded with short hairs and folded into 

 deep intersecting grooves, recalling a pair of cerebral liemispheres 

 mai'ked with a few sulci. Seen fi-om alcove, the margin is 

 straightish in front up against the horn, lightly convex externally, 

 widely rounded posteriorly, and straight internnlly, where it is 

 closely in contact throughout its length with that of the opposite 

 side. The surface is convex from before backwards and fi-om side 

 to side ; and from the antero-internal angle of each on the uppei- 

 side two deep sulci descend towards the external border, one close 

 behind the horns, the other backwards and outwards, giving oft' 

 two backwardly-directed short sulci in its coui'se. 



In a male eighteen months old the glandular area showed no 

 signs of swelling as late as November. 



In one of the newly born kids I fovind these postcornual glands 

 represented by a pair of very shallow crescentic grooves entirely 

 concealed in the hairs of the top of the head. 



Genus Oreamnos Raf. 



Oreamnos montanus Ord. (The Rocky Mountain Goat.) 

 (Text-fig. 84, A.) 



The presence of glands behind the hoi'ns in this species has 

 been recorded by Mr. Hornaday*, Mr. Frederick Gillettf, and 

 by Mr. Madison Grant J. Mr. Hornaday described them as "a 

 peculiar bare patch of black oily skin, the size of a half dollar." 

 To this Mr. Gillett added the important information that " under 

 the external skin these glands consist of a soft red tissue saturated 

 with a milky substance, like the udder of a cow. In the speci- 

 men at our [London Zoological] Gardens these glands are partially 

 covered up by long hair at the present time [February], but in 

 October and November they are more conspicuous. The older 

 the animal the more pronounced are the glands." According to 

 Mr. Madison Grant the gland, which is as lai'ge as half an oi'ange 

 and situated in a half -circle immediately behind each horn, " is 

 sometimes so tough as to wear deeply into the base of the horn." 

 This author cites the presence of this gland as the most striking 

 character of Oreamnos as compared with other genera of Rupi- 

 caprina?. No doubt his failure to recognise it as the same gland 

 that is found in the Chamois {Ii'>f])ica2}ra) is to be attributed to 

 the erroneous description of the latter as " post- auricular." 



My own notes upon an old male animal living in the Gardens 

 completely bear out what Mr. Gillett said as to the seasonal 

 development of the gland. In this respect it agreed closely with 



* '■ American Natural History,' 1904, p. 115. 



t P. Z. S. 1905, vol. i. p. 56. 



J Ninth Annual Report of the New York Zool. Soc. p. 12 (reprint). 



