1910.] CUTANEOUS SCENT-GLANDS OF RUMINANTS. 853 



side of the pastern at :in acute angle just above the heels, firmly 

 binding the latter together. As in wild and most tame Goats, 

 the walls of this depression were clothed with long hairs. On 

 the hind feet these haii'S were clean ; but on the fore feet they 

 were stained yellow and stuck together, showing dried scurfy 

 material at their roots and suggesting activity of the sebaceous 

 glands over a considerable part of the area. 



The genus Oreaviaos exhibits puzzling cross-affinities. With 

 the feet and beard of the Goats (Capra) are combined the short 

 cannon-bones of the Takin {Budoi-cas), the post-cornual glands of 

 the Chamois {Rupicapra), and the short, lightly curved, backwardly 

 inclined horns of Capricornis and JSTcemorhedus. 



Genus N^emorhedus H. Sm. 



IST^MORHEDUS GORAL Hardw. 



(The Goral.) 



According to Hodgson, N. goral has no inguinal or preorbital 

 glands, but possesses feet-pits on all four feet. Owen is in agree- 

 ment with him as regards the absence of the glands in the groin 

 and on the face. 



Ogilby also states that the preorbital and inguinal glands are 

 absent, and adds that the pedal glands are large and the mammte 

 four in number. 



My own observations agree witli these in every respect. 



On a flat skin of iV, goral sent to me from Chamba by 

 Major Rodon, F.Z.S., I found the pedal glands present on all the 

 four feet. They presented a close resemblance both in position 

 and structure to those of Sheep (Ovis), opening by a small orifice 

 on the front of the pastern some distance above the hoofs. The 

 oi'ifice led into a slightly dilating hair lined sac running back- 

 wards to the posterior wall of the pastern paiuUel to the inter- 

 ungual web. Just below the orifice the integument descended 

 obliquely between the hoofs to the heels, where it formed a stout 

 horny tie. This interungual web met the integument of the back 

 of the pastern on the heels almost at right angles. The hair on 

 the back of the pastern extended only for a short distance between 

 the heels ; but the interungual integument was covered with long 

 hairs, becoming progressively shorter towaixls the heel-tie, which 

 was itself smooth and hairless. The hoof itself was short and 

 compressed with the heels high, their web or tie being raised con- 

 siderably above the ground. Thus not only in the position and 

 structure of the pedal gland *, but also in the hairiness of the 

 interungual integument and the smoothness of the heel-tie, a veiy 

 close resemblance could be traced between the feet of J\''cemorhedus 

 and those of Ocis. 



* I believe the pedal gland, described above was incomplete, since the bones and 

 tissues of the pastern bad been to a large extent cut away from behind and there 

 was a small tear in the skin of the bottom of tiie gland. 



Proc. Zool. ,Soc.— 1910, No, LVI, .56 



