1910.] CUTANEOUS ,SCEXT-UJ.ANDS oF RUMIXAXTS. 857 



The generii of Rapica[)rina^ may ))e di.stinguislied as follows by 

 their cutaneous glands : — 



a. Muffle lar^ie, eiicircliiig tlic nostrils below and extending as far 

 as their posterior angle above ; a well-developed pedal gland 

 like that of Ovis on all four feet. 



b. Preorbital glands present Cajn'icornis. 



h' . Preorbital glands absent Ncemorhedus. 



a. Muffle small ; pedal glands, when present, otherwise formed. 



c. A pair of glands behind the horns in both sexes ; interdigital 



cleft deep. 

 d. Interdigital glandular cleft opening inferiorly between the 



hoofs, the heel-tie simple Oreamnos. 



d'. Interdigital cleft shut below by a close fold of integument 

 extending forwards from the heels towards the proximal 



margin of the nail in front Rupicapra. 



c'. No glands behind the horns; interdigital cleft shallow Badoroas. 



Subfamily O v i B o v i N .«. 



Genus OviBos Blainv. 



OviBos JioscHATUs Linn. (The Musk-Ox.) 

 (Text-fig. 86.) 



According to Ogilby this animal has four teats, but neither 

 preorbital nor inguinal glands. Of the pedal glands he said 

 nothing. Lonnbei-g (P. Z. S. 1900, pp. 163-165) agrees as to the 

 nunibei- of teats and appai-ently as to the absence of inguinal 

 glands ; but he found in his specimen the pz^eorbital gland well 

 developed, being 2.3 mm. long, 18 mm. broad, and 8 mm. deep. 

 The interior of the pit was lined with hair, but I cannot judge 

 from the desci-iption whether the orifice was valvular as in Ovis 

 or simple as in Cwpricornis (the >Serow). 



Lbnnberg also states that he failed to find any pedal glantls. 

 I was able to veiif}- this fact on a front and a hind foot of a 

 Musk-Ox which Mr. E. Gerrard kindly allowed me to cut. On 

 the fore foot the skin of the middle line of the pastern in front 

 ends infeiiorly in a small web, beneath which the integument runs 

 backwards and downwai^ds to the anterior portion of the heel, 

 then curves upwards and backwards towards the posterior portion 

 of the heel, where it is continuous with the skin of the posterior 

 surface of the pastern. This skin is covered with long liaii-s, which 

 pass for a short distance between the heeh^, but the greater part 

 of the integument which ties the heels together is (juite naked. 

 Above the heel-tie, howe\"er, the interungual integument is 

 covered with long hairs, which lai'gely overlap the jjroximal inner 

 margin of the nail ; and when the hoof is examined from below 

 these hairs appear as a long and thick tuft pi-ojecting forwards fi-om 

 the anterioi' portion of the heel-tie and filling the greater part 

 of the inteiungual space. Long hairs arising fi-om the bottom of 

 the pastern in front also overlap the proximal anterior portion 

 of the hoof. As is well known, the hoofs are remarkably short 



