1910.] CUTANEOUS SCKXT-GI.AXDS OF RUMINANTS. 859 



►Subfamily C a p r i n iE. 



Genus Ovis L. 

 (Sheep.) 



Ogilby stated that in 0. aries (Domesticated Sheep) the preorbital 

 glands are large l)ut immovjible. tlie pedal glands small and the 

 inguinal glands absent, adding that there is onl}' a single pair of 

 niamnife. 



Accoixling to Hodgson, 0. ammoii, the Siberi;in Argali, and 

 0. ammon hodgsoni { = amm oh aides), the Tibetan Ai-gali, have 

 large but innnovable preorbital glands, distinct inguinal glands, 

 and pedal glands on all four exti'emities, whereas 0. musimoyi, the 

 Mouflon, for which on that account he created tlie genus Caprovis, 

 differs in having no pedal glands. 



Owen (' Anatomy of Vei'tebrates,' iii. p. 638, 1868) described and 

 figured the pedal gland presumably of a domesticated breed ; but 

 according to Isidore Geoflroy the glands are absent in some breeds ; 

 most modern text-books and systematic treatises state that the 

 preorbital, pedal, and inguinal glands are present, and that there 

 is a single pair of mammae, a statement with which my own 

 observations are entirely in accord excej)t that there is occasionally 

 an additional pair of small mammpe. 



I have examined fresh specimens of two wild species, namely, 

 0. vignei and 0. musimon, and a dried skin of 0. canadensis. 



Ovis vigxei Blyth. (The Urial or Gad.) 

 (Text-figs. 87, 88.) 



The preorbital gland consists of a hair-lined valvular pocket or 

 invagination closed by a flap of skin forming a movable uppei'lid. 

 The pocket in captive specimens is commonly blocked with a nearly 

 dry and waxy or quite dry secretion with no definite smell 

 but that of " sheep," and the hairs around the orifice are generally 

 stuck together with the same substance. The dryness of the 

 secretion is probably pathological and due perhaps to insufficiency 

 of green or natural food. 



The inguinal glands, two in number, consist of rather shallow 

 pouches, with the deep part underlying the teat, close to which 

 the wide subcrescentic orifice opens. The secretion is yellowish 

 and waxy, and gives ofi" a powerful odour, just like that of the 

 urine of the common House Mouse {2Ias musculus). The area 

 of skin surrounding the teat and gland is naked. Normally 

 there is a single pair of teats. In one specimen, however, I 

 found an additional smaller pair lying in front of the pair 

 adjacent to the orifice of the gland. 



The structure of the feet is very constant. When the hoofs are 

 pulled apait a triangular hairy depression is seen in the middle line 

 of the lower half of the pastern. This depression is caused bj the 



