1910.] CUTANEOUS SCENT-GLANDS OF RUMINANTS. 



in the pocket itself is black and sticky. It may here be men- 

 tioned that Ogilby long ago (P. Z. S. 1836, p. 38) described the 

 preorbital gland of a Gazelle as being furnished with six excretory 

 ducts placed nearly in a circle and with one central duct, from 

 the orifices of which there issued strings of a dense ceruniinous 

 matter. 



The inguinal glands are always two in number, consisting of 

 deeper or shallower pouches opening by larger or smaller orifices 

 situated just externally to the mammse. The pouches dip into 

 a mass of vascular tissxie just above the mamnife. They are 

 usually about one inch deep and about as wide inside as deep or a 

 little wider, the integument surrounding the orifice and the mamma 

 being naked. In a male G. subgutturosa the orifice was nearly as 

 large in diameter as the scrotum ; in G. dorcas and G. mitscatensis 

 it was considerably smaller and the lumen of the pouch was cor- 

 respondingly smaller in the two latter than in the former. The 

 largest gland of all was found in the female of G. cuvieri, in which 

 it was two inches deep and about twice as deep as wide, and as 

 Avide at the oiifice as within. 



The walls of the pocket were, in all cases, sparsely covered with 

 short hairs, and the secretion was waxy and drier at the orifice 

 than at the bottom of the pouch. It has a very strong odour. 

 In G. hennettii and subgutturosa it is yellow in colour and smells 

 exactly like the urine of the common House Mouse {Mus mtisculus) ; 

 in G. cuvieri the colour is greenish yellow and the smell a mixture 

 of mouse urine and flour-paste. 



In a female of G. dorcas the inguinal gland secretion was pale 

 green and resembled in scent a mixture of flour-paste and cheese ; 

 the pedal glands had a strong and decided, but peculiar and 

 indescribable, smell ; the secretion of the knee glands had a 

 repulsive odour of dogs' dung, while that of the preorbital glands, 

 although faint and quite indescribable, was not unpleasant. This 

 specimen furnished an admirable instance of the fact below alluded 

 to, that scents of totally diflerent character may emanate from the 

 glands of one and the same individual. This was further borne 

 out by a specimen of G. muscatensis, in which the green secretion 

 of the inguinal glands smelt exactly like cream-cheese, that of the 

 knee gland like a Domesticated Sheep, while the pedal glands had 

 a, faint and indescribable, but different odour from either. 



It may be noted in passing that the smell of the inguinal 

 secretion in specimens of G. hennettii and G. subgutturosa from 

 Persia is the same as that of Ovis vignei from the same country. 



Although there is typically only a single pair of mammae in 

 Gazelles, now and again there are two pairs, indicating, no doubt, 

 the descent of these animals from quadrimammate ancestors. 

 Similar atavism is sometimes seen in Sheep. When there are two 

 pairs in Gazelles, the inguinal glands ar-e connected with the pos- 

 terior pair, showing that the anterior pair are supernumerary. 



The pedal glands are well and equally developed on all four feet. 

 When the hoofs are together, the orifice has the form of a narrow 



