f 



1910.] CUTANEOUS SCENT-GLANDS OF RUMINANTS. 899 



Geiiuvd, and a single foot shown by its coloiu^ to be that of a 

 female, which was kindly given to me by Messrs. Rowland Ward, 

 Ltd. 



The head enabled me to confirm Hodgson's statement as to 

 the absence of the preorbital gland, and the feet to refute his 

 statement as to the presence of the pedal glands — they are 

 absent. The integument along the middle line of the pastern 

 forms a very shallow depression. ISTeai- the proximal end of the 

 hoof in front it turns backwards at a rounded angle and runs 

 almost parallel to the inner proximal margin of the nail to the 

 heels, joining them together throughout their length. The 

 posterior portion of the heels is well developed and the skin 

 which unites them behind is folded sharply upon itself for a 

 short distance, then turns up to be continuous with the skin 

 of the back of the pastern. The back of the pastern and the 

 fold in question are thickly hairy, and the interungual integu- 

 ment oi- web is covered with long hairs as far down as the point 

 where the heel-tie begins. These hairs are especially long at the 

 base of the hoof in front, and overhang the anterior edge of 

 the nail nearly to its tip. Thus the integumental web which 

 ties the hoofs together is as deep and strong as in Cattle {Bos) 

 or Elands (Taurotragus), and the feet are quite different from 

 those of typical Gazelles, to which Pantholojjs is usually held to 

 be closely related ; and the hoofs clearly have nothing like the 

 power of extension seen in the feet of Sheep and Goats. 



According to Hodgson, there is only a single pair of mammas, 

 and I only succeeded in finding one pair in a dried skin of a male 

 in the British Museum. I noticed in this skin that the orifice 

 of the inguinal gland on each side lies some four or five inches 

 away from the teat. On one side the gland was loose or j)endent, 

 as Hodgson described it ; but on the other it was adherent and 

 directed inwards from the orifice as a slightly expanding tube, 

 its inner extremity lying close to the teat. This, no doubt, is its 

 natural position, judging from the dii-ection of the gland in other 

 Bovidfe that possess it. 



In 1872 Gray recognised the peculiarities of this genus by 

 placing it in a special famih', Pantholopida?. 



Saiga is commonly held to be related to PantJiolops, peiliaps 

 correctly ; but the relationship is not close. Apart from the 

 well-known diflferences between them in the structure of the 

 skull and nose, they may be distinguished as follows : — 



a. Pedal glands, apparently ovine, on all four feet ; preorbital 

 glands present ; inguinal glands small and close to the maninia^ 

 of which there are two pairs Saiga. 



a'. No trace of pedal glands ; no preorbital glands ; inguinal 

 glands very large and deep, with orifice remote from the 

 mamma;, of which there is a single pair Pantholnps. 



In the charactei'S here used, however, the two genera do not 

 ditiier from each other much more than Oris differs from Pseudois 

 or Capra. 



