1910.] CUTAXEOUS SCENT-GLANDS OF RUMINANTS. 939 



hairs projecting backwards from its base on the upper side. Just 

 beliind the anus on the lower side there is a mat of short hairs 

 which extends upwards lateially so as to cover the lower half of 

 the side of tlie tail. Just above this the lateral surface of the tail 

 is scooped out longitudinally, forming a wide gutter, which is filled 

 with yelk)w crumbly secretion, and this extends over the summit 

 of the tail and almost to its apex, both above and at the sides. 

 Before the skin became shrunken with drying, it is probable that 

 it Avas full and flaccid, and that the wide gutter above described 

 had the appearance of a narrow integumental slit such as Hodgson 

 figured. 



From the great development of the caudal glnnd as well as of 

 the preputial gland in the male of the Musk-Deer, it may be 

 inferred that the females seek the males at the rutting season. 



One other point may be noted : both Ogilby and Hodgson 

 declare that this Deer has two pairs of teats. Flower, on the 

 contrar}', found only a single pair on the female he examined, and 

 I noted that the male above mentioned also had but one pair. 



Family CERYID^. 



In describing the cutaneous scent-glands of the Deer I have 

 not taken into account the statements made by Fitzinger in his 

 •diagnoses of the genera of this group (SB. Akad. Wien, Ixviii. 

 pp. 348-362, 1873), because many of them are contradicted by the 

 plainest facts. He says, for example, that Rangifer has no tarsal 

 gland and that Cefimhis, Axis, Hyelcqyhus porcinus, Dorcelaplms 

 mnericanns, Jfazama neinorii'ccgus, and Dama have no pedal glands. 

 •Since these glands are extremely well developed in all these Deer, 

 it is clear that no reliance is to be placed on this author's state- 

 ments as to their absence in other species. 



From the works of previous authors it is well known that one 

 oi- more pairs of the following glands are present in all species of 

 this family : — 



1. Pouch -like, shallower or deeper, preorbital glands, which are 

 apparently absent only in Capreolus, 



2. Frontal glands, which are well developed in some species of 

 the Muntjac group and, accoi-ding to Weber, in the Sambar. 



3. Tarsal glands, consisting of a hair-covered patch of thickened 

 skin on the inner side of the tarsus or hock and especially 

 charactei-istic of the American Deer. 



4. jNIetatarsal glands, which usually resemble the last sti'uc- 

 turally, but are placed on the outer side of the metatarsus or 

 cannon-bone of the hind leg at a varying distance below the hock. 



5. Pedal glands, which when well developed consist of a large 

 or small cleft or pouch on the front of the pastern usually of the 

 hind foot only, more rarely of the front as well. 



Inguinal glands do not exist, and there are always two pairs of 

 teats. 



