972 :Mit. i:. i. rococK ox the [June 14 



>«'. No specialised filnml or deep cleft on front or hind feet ; 



metntiirsiil gland overjirown with hairs, occasionally 



ahsont : interunjriial intefrument naked. 



w. Rhinariumextendin); some distance heiieatli the nostrils, 



as in A.ris ; tail lonjr. 



o. Tail bushy; antlers with short base, short undivided 



anterior branch and long, stout, two-pronged posterior 



branch Ruga. 



o'. Tail tufted; antlers with long base, long, usually 

 two-pronj?cil anterior branch, and long, slender, 



usually uiulividiil posterior brunch JElaplnifus. 



n'. Ivhiiiariuin extending' only a short distance below the 



nostril; tail (except in i's(H(/((.r(») (|uite short Cervus. 



Family CAMEL IT).*:. 

 (Text-fig. 142, A, p. 981.) 



According to Ogilby, Camels and Llamas liave neither preorbital, 

 inguinal, nor interdigital glands. 



I have had no opportunity of examining fresh examples of 

 either species of Camelus, but, according to Max Tempel, C. drome- 

 darins h;is specialised glands in the interdigital cleft of both the 

 front and hind feet. In the foot of a Yicitna [Lama vicugna) 

 that died in tlie Gardens I found the pedal glands to be as well 

 dev'eloped as in some Cervida?, in the sense that the integument 

 of the intei'digital cleft secreted a strong-smelling substance. 

 The hairs on the front of the pa,stern passed about halfway down 

 the walls of tlie cleft, leaving the deeper half quite naked. In 

 the specimen examined this naked area was covered Avith brown 

 sticky substance smelling exactly like the urine of 3his musculus. 

 The depth of this cleft is due to the fact that the integument of 

 the back of the pastern, which extends to a point halfway between 

 the heel and the nail of the hoof, is closely folded back upon 

 itself, forming a shallow but long interdigital web. 



The peculiarity of the foot of the Llama, as compared with that 

 of the Bovidie is the small .size of the nail and the length of the 

 sole and of the heel as compared with it. The apex and lower 

 edges of the nail, however, extend for a short distance on to the 

 plantar aspect of the foot. 



From the remark in Flower and Lydekker's ' Mannnalia' (p. 295) 

 that there is " a broad cutaneous pad, forming the sole of the 

 foot, on which the animal rests in walking, instead of on the 

 lioofs," one might be led to infer that the manner of walking in 

 the Camelida; differs essentially from that of other Ruminant 

 Ungtdates in that the lattei- walk njjon the nails and the former 

 upon a cutaneous pad behind the n;iil. This is not the fti.se. All 

 the ruminant Ungulates the feet of which I have examined, 

 with the .single exception of the Klipspringer (Oreotro</iis), walk 

 upon the cut.aneous pad forming the sole and heel of the hoof, 

 and upon more or less of the inferior edge and apex of the nail in 

 front. The Camels form no exception to this rule, the only 

 difference being that the small nail does not invade the area of 

 the sole to anything like the same extent, and that the .sole and 



