1910.] CUTANEOUS SCEXT-GLAXDS OF RUMIXAXTS. 977 



gland known to me is found in Buffon's Kob (Adowia kob) and 

 the Sable Antelope {Ilippotragus niger). The skin of the 

 secreting area is merely thickened and retains its normal hairy 

 clothing. The hairs, however, ai'e long, forming a tuft or mat 

 and are stuck together or hold the secretion like a scurfy powder. 

 It is a natural inference that all the preorbital glands, however 

 specialised, arose from simple integumental thickenings, with 

 enlarged sebaceous and sweat-glands, resembling in essence that 

 found in the Sable Antelope. 



Exactly similar to this and equally simple in structui-e are the 

 carpal or knee-glands of some Antelopes, like Gazelles and their 

 allies, and of some Sheep, the tarsal or hock-glniids of the Tele- 

 metacarpal Cervida?, and also the metatarsal glands of Deer 

 belonging to both the divisions of this family. In some species 

 of Deer {^Axis axis and porcvnus) the glandular area itself is naked 

 and is overlapped by a fringe of long haiis suri'ounding it. 

 A farther stage in the evolution of this kind of leg-gland is 

 found in the Pallah (yEpi/ceros), where the glandular layer is 

 I'estricted to the periphery of the area, forming an elevated ridge 

 round it, the secretion accumulating on the smooth skin thus 

 circumscribed. 



In connection with the inguinal glands it is noticeable that 

 they are intimately connected with the mamma>. In the mnjority 

 of cases their orifices are situated close to those organs, and the 

 deepest part of the pocket actually overlies them ; and when, as 

 in Faittholops *, the orifice is remote from the mamma on each 

 side, the invagination is elongated so as to extend inwai-ds as fai- 

 as the area overlying the mamma. Again, two pairs of inguinal 

 pouches are found only in species which have two pairs of functional 

 mammae [Tragelaphus, lieclunca). 



These facts suggest that the secretion found in the inguinal 

 sacs is derived actually from the mammary glands. This I 

 believe to be the case ; and the view is corroborated to a certain 

 extent by the fact that the secretion in the sacs not uncommonly 

 has an unmistakable odour of cream-cheese, or sour milk. The 

 jresence of inguinal glands in both sexes cannot be alleged 

 as an objection to this supposition ; for mammary glands are 

 found in males as well as in females, although they are normally 

 inopei'ative in the former. 



It seems to me that for the origin of the pedal glands we must 

 look to one of two processes : that is to say, they have either aiisen 

 as invaginations of Ihe interdigital integument of a more or less 

 fully webbed compact foot, such as is seen in Bos, Taurotragus, 

 Pantholop>s, uEpyceros, and others ; or they are the remnants, 

 larger or smaller according to the genus, of a primitive intei-- 

 digital space. 



The former explanation appeal's at first sight to be the more 

 probable ; and from the remark made by Flower as to the 



* But not in immature examples of Syloicapra. 



