January 20, 1893.] 



SCIENCE. 



33 



the year 1888. The reports taken for this study deal with 92 out- 

 breaks. In 34 of these the sanitary precautions of isolation and 

 disinfection were neglected; in 58 outbreaks these preventative 

 measures were enforced. 



Diphtheria in Uighigan in 1888 : Exhibiting the average uumbera of cases 

 aud deaths per outbreak ; In those outbreaks In which Isolation and disinfec- 

 tion were both neglected ; and in those outbreaks in which both were enforced. 

 Compiled In the office of the Secretary of the State Board of Health, from re- 

 ports made by local health officers. 



It will be seen that if in all the 93 cases isolation and disinfec- 

 tion had been neglected, the total number of cases of sickness 

 would have been 93 x 13.5= 1426; and the number of deaths 

 would have been 92 x 2.38 = 319. 



On the other hand, if all had been done that could have been 

 done, if all possible means had been employed, there would have 

 been 92 x 1.74= 160 cases of sickness, and 93 x .53 = 49 deaths. 

 The saving in sickness would have been 1426 — 160 cases, and the 

 saving of life would have been 219 — 49 = 170. 



But the whole number of outbreaks of this disease in Michigan 

 <3uring the year was 311. Applying the same reasoning as before, 

 first, if isolation and disinfection were neglected in every case, 

 there would have been 311 x 15.5 = 4820 cases of sickness and 

 311 X 3.38 = 740 deaths. On the other hand, if all had been done 

 that ous;bt to have been done, there would have resulted 311 x 

 1.74 = 541 cases of sickness and 311 x .53=171 deaths. The 

 total saving in sickness would have been 4820 — 541 = 4279, and 

 the saving of life would have been 740 — 171 =569. 



These figures are at the same time a justification of the claims 

 which health officers make, suggested above, and a demonstration 

 of the etBcacy of the means employed, isolation and disinfection, 

 in producing these results. 



NOTES AND NEWS. 



The partnership heretofore existing between Geo. L. English, 

 E. C. Atkinson, and Wm. Niven, as Geo. L. English & Co., has 

 been dissolved by mutual consent. Geo. L. English, having pur- 

 chased all the stock, gooi-will, and fixtures, will continue the 

 l)usiness under the same firm name. The firm has removed to a 



new ground-floor store, No. 64 East 12th Street, five doors east of 

 Broadway, three doors west of Fourth Avenue. They have pur- 

 chased the business of Mr. Philip Fuchs, who for ten years was in 

 the employ of Tiffany & Co., and more recently has been in busi- 

 ness for himself. Mr. Fuchs has entered their employ, and a 

 complete lapidary equipment, including five lathes, has been put 

 in the new store. Very much more attention will be given to 

 gems, especially rare stones, and they propose materially enlarg- 

 ing this department and carrying a good stock. Among gems 

 now on hand are willemite, oligoclane, beryllonite, diopside, 

 sphene, obsidian, phenacite, demantoid, peridote, prehnite, hid- 

 denite, garnet, amethyst, cat's-eye, aquamarine, golden beryl, 

 emerald, chrysoberyl, moonstone, rubellite, turquois, zircon, 

 opal, sapphire. Any other gem will be secured. Mounting done 

 to order. Microscopical sections of recks and minerals will be 

 manufactured on the premises and a good stock kept on hand. 

 Their enlarging stock of meteorites will soon be worthy of prom- 

 inence. 



— During the past summer courses of instruction were offered 

 by professors and instructors of Cornell University in Greek, Latin, 

 French, German, English, philosophy, mathematics, physics, 

 chemistry, botany, drawing, and physical training. In all there 

 were a hundred and fifteen in attendance, representing twenty- 

 two States and Territories, Canada, and Japan; and of these far 

 the greater part were teachers and advanced students. The private 

 venture, begun so auspiciously, has now taken a more permanent 

 form, and the school has been made an integral part of the uni- 

 versitv. The list of courses ofi'ered for the summer of 1893 is 

 greatly increased, and among the additions to the corps of in- 

 struction of last summer are Professors Wheeler and Bristol and 

 Dr. Laird in Greek, Professor Bennet in Latin, Professor Smith 

 in elocution and oratory. Professor Tichener in psychology, Pro- 

 fessor Williams in pedagogy, Professor Wilcox and Dr. Hull in 

 social and economic science. Professor McMahon in mathematics, 

 and Professor Hitchcock in physical training. Summer courses 

 in the school of law will also be offered this year for the first 

 time, instruction being given by the entire faculty of the school. 



— The third annual meeting of the American Morphological 

 Society was held at Princeton College, Dec. 27 and 28, under the 

 presidency of Dr. C. O. Whitman of the University of Chicago. 

 The meeting was well attended, and several additions were made 

 to the list of members, which includes the majority of the active 

 workers in the department of animal morphology in this country. 

 The following is a list of the papers presented at the meeting: 

 Dr. E. B. Wilson, Columbia College, The Cleavage of the Ovum 

 and the Teloblasts of Amphioxus ; Dr. C. W. Stiles, the Agricul- 

 tural Department, Washington, The Topographical Anatomy in 

 the Family Taeniadse ; Dr. E. O. Jordan, University of Chicago, 

 The Maturation and Fertilization of the Egg of the Newt; Pro- 

 fessor E. D. Cope, Philadelphia, False Elbow-Joints in Man and 

 the Horse; Mr. Arthur Willey, Columbia College, On AcinelS8 

 Parasitic in the Buccal Tube of Diplosoma ; Dr. C. B. Davenport, 

 Harvard College, On the Development of the Cerata of Eolis ; Dr. 

 H. B. Ward, University of Michigan, On the Host of Nectonema; 

 Dr. C. O. Whitman, University of Chicago, The Metamerism of 

 Clepsine; Dr. W. B. Scott, Princeton College, The Evolution of 

 the Premolars; Dr. H. Ayers, the Lake Laboratory, Milwaukee, 

 The Ending of the Auditory Nerves in the Hair-Cells; Dr. E. A. 

 Andrews, Johns Hopkins University, Notice of a New Sort of 

 Amphioxus; Professor A. E. Verrill, Yale College, Some New 

 Forms of Menerteans; Dr. T. H. Morgan, Bryn Mawr College, 

 Preliminary Note on Balanoglossus; Professor B. Sharp, Academy 

 of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Joint-Formation among the 

 Invertebrata ; Professor W. A. Locy, Lake Forest University, The 

 Formation of the Medullary Groove and Some Other Features of 

 Embryonic Development in the Elasmobranchs. The oflBcers of 

 the Society for the current year are: President, Dr. C. O. Whit- 

 man, University of Chicago; vice-president, Dr. E. B. Wilson, 

 Columbia College ; secretary and treasurer. Dr. J. Playfair Mc- 

 Murrich, University of Cincinnati ; members of the executive 

 committee elected from the society at large. Dr. T. H. Morgan, 

 Bryn Mawr College, and Dr. C. B. Davenport, Harvard College. 



