March io, 1H93.] 



SCIENCE. 



139 



the cane, and passing on in natural sequence to the mill, the 

 treatment of the juice, the manufacture of the sugar, the testing 

 of the sugar solutions, and finally to the molasses and fermentation. 



Throughout, the book is one for the practical man, and much 

 important detail has been embodied within its pages. One of 

 the best chapters is that treating of " Condition or Heart," plant 

 food, and drainage, the first constituting, as Mr. Watts says, " a 

 large portion of the science of agriculture." Analyses are, of 

 course, given, but they are not asked to do duty for the whole, 

 as is often the case in agricultural treatises. It is interesting to 

 note, too. the remarks upon the assimilation of atmospheric 

 nitrogen by the Leguminos», in which Mr. Watts follows Ber- 

 thelot. Schlosing and Laurent have, indeed, recently denied the 

 fixation of nitrogen by the action of microbes beneath the surface 

 of the soil, but their theory of chlorophyll action needs far greater 

 proof than they have ofifered. Berthelot is a good leader. Chap- 

 ter III. deals with the sugar cane, treating of the preparation of 

 the land, the manner of manuring and weeding, the cutting of 

 the cane, and the utilization of the trash. Chapter IV. is of 

 general interest, though the facts are applied in a particular 

 manner to sugar growing. The collection, retention, and value 

 of pen manures, the application of green dressing and of chemi- 

 cal manures, including potash, phosphates, superphosphates, 

 sulphate of iron, etc., forms together an interesting study. The 

 fallacy, which is so common, of supposed increase in manurial 

 value of the excreta as compared with the food eaten, is here 

 spoken of, as is also in a previous chapter the practice of burning 

 the trash under the impression that thereby its value as a fertil- 

 izer is increased. 



In the chapter dealing with the mill and the extraction of the 

 juice, the various types of the former are compared and diagrams 

 given. The application of hydraulic attachment to the rolls is 

 mentioned, and a comparison is made of the results from crush- 

 ing and those obtained by maceration and diffusion. The suc- 

 ceeding chapters treat of the juice, tempering, clarifying, filter- 



ing from the scum and the utilization of the latter, the manufac- 

 ture of the sugar, io open pans, with strain, and in vacuum, and 

 finally of the testing of the solutions and syrups. The produc- 

 tion, composition, and uses of the molasses with the recovery of 

 the sugar therefrom, and finally the nature of ferments and fer- 

 mentation with the yield of alcohol and the forms of the stills 

 employed, constitutes the subject matter of the concluding chap- 

 ters. There are in addition tables of the temperature of steam at 

 varying pressure, a list of the elements with their symbols and 

 atomic weights, and a table of the densities, etc., of saccharine 

 solutions. 



We should be pleased to see this book in a second edition much 

 enlarged and amplified, and trust that it is but the beginning of 

 a series. c. P. 



AMONG THE PUBLISHERS. 



Sir Robert S. Ball, F.R.S., the well-known English astrono- 

 mer, has just completed an "Atlas of Astronomy," containing 

 numerous beautifully printed telescopic views of planets, the 

 sun's corona, etc., and diagrams of orbits. There are many star 

 maps, and a series of twelve plates devoted to the moon, show- 

 ing its aspects on consecutive days from the third to the four- 

 teenth, making seventy-two plates in all. An introduction of 

 nearly sixty pages gives a comprehensive explanatory text. The 

 Atlas is published by D. Appleton & Co. 



— Bulletin No. 40 of the United States National Mueum is No. 

 IV. of the Bibliographies of American Naturalists, published by 

 the government. This one is by L. S. Foster, and gives the writ- 

 ings of the ornithologist, Geo. N. Lawrence. A portrait faces 

 the title-page, and in the course of the 124 pages, 131 titles are 

 enumerated. Under these titles are given all facts connected 

 with them. The species given in each are enumerated, together 

 with the locality and page. A very full index give.* jeady refer- 

 ence to any species mentioned. 



Dr. T. H. Andrews, Jefferson 

 Medical College, Philadelphia, says of 



Horsford's Acid Phosphate. 



"A wonderful remedy which gave me 

 most gratifying results in the worst 

 forms of dyspepsia." 



It reaches various forms of 

 Dyspepsia that no othei medi- 

 cine seems to touch, assisting 

 the weakened stomach, and 

 making- the process of diges- 

 tion natural and easy. 



Descriptive pamphlet free on application to 

 Ramford Cliemical Works, Providence, R. 1. 



Beware of Substitutes and Imitations. 



For sale by all Druggists. 



Exchanges. 



[Freeof charge to all, if ofsatisfactory character. 

 Address N. D. C. Hodges, 874 Broadway, New York.) 



For sale — A Zentmayer new model U. S. Army 

 Hospital monocular stand. Price SllO, will sell for 

 S75. Address H. C. Wells, No. 151 Broadway, New 

 York. 



For sale — A complete set of the third series of the 

 American Journal of Science (1870-1893) handsomely 

 bound in single volumes in dark brown half moroc- 

 co. Address G. H. Williams, 803 Cathedral Street, 

 Baltimore, Md. 



For sale, or for exchange for books on medi- 

 cine or surgery, new editions only, a large geo- 

 logical library, containing nearly all the State and 

 Government Reports sincH 18.^5. Will be pleased to 

 answer letters of inquiry and give information. 

 Address R. ELLSWORTH CALL, Louisville, Ky. 



For exchange.— Slides of Indian Territory Loup 

 Fork Tertiary Diatoms for other microscopic fos- 

 sils. Address S. W, WILLISTON, Univ. of Kansas, 

 Lawrence, Kans. 



For exchange.— Will exchange an " Ideal " Mi 

 croscope of R and J. Beck, London, 2 eye pieces 

 3 objectives, 3 inch, 1 inch, 1-6 inch ; buir's eye con 

 denser on stand, substage condenser, mechanica 

 stage, etc., for any of the leading makes of type 

 writers. Particulars by mail. DELOS FALL, Albion 

 College, Albion, Mich. 



Sale, or exchange for similar material ; Diatoms 

 (Isthmia nervosa), unmounted, from San Francis- 

 co Bay. M. J. ELROD, Bloomington, 111. 



For sale or exchange. — I have a few copies of my 

 translation of " Strasburger's Manual of Vegetable 

 Histology, 1887," now out of print, which I will send 

 post-paid for $3 or for one dozen good slides illus- 

 trating plant or animal structure. Address A. B. 

 Hervey, St. Lawrence University, Canton, N. Y. 



The undersigned has the following specimens to 

 exchange for crystals of any eastern or foreign lo- 

 calities or Indian relics: tin ore, metacinnabarite, 

 stibnite, garnierite, calenanite, hanksite, ulexite. 

 rubellite. lepidolite, blue and green onyx, Cat. pine- 

 ite, aragonite on chalcedony, cinnabar, double re- 

 fracting spar, clear and clouded, and others. J. R. 

 Bush, care of General Delivery, Los Angeles, Cal. 



For sale or exchange. — A private cabinet of about 

 200 species of fossils, well distributed geologically 

 and geographically. Silurian, about 40; Devonian, 

 about 50; Carboniferous, about 80; others, about 30. 

 Frank S. Aby, State University, Iowa City, la. 



IVants. 



\ COMPETENT TEACHER of botany in coUege 

 t\ or university is open to engagement. Address 

 L., Bos 86, Rochester, Mich. 



CAN any one inform me as to the age to which 

 cats have lived? I have one twenty years old. 

 Edward D. Webb, 1-33 'rf . Eighty-flrst St,, New York, 



WANTED — Second-hand. Foster's Physiology, 

 Balfour's Comparative Embryology, Claus & 

 Sedgwick's Zoology, Flower's Osteology of Mam- 

 malia, Vine's Physiology of Plants. Please state 

 editions and prices asked and address Richard 

 Lees Brampton, Ontailo, Canada 



WANTED.— American Journal of Conchology, 

 seven volumes. Parties having these for 

 sale will please address the undersigned, stating 

 condition and price. R.Ellsworth Call,Loui3ville,Ey, 



A GRADUATE ENGINEER will give instruction 

 evenings in geometry, trigonometry and sur- 

 veying, mechanics, physics, mechanical drawing 

 and general engineering construction. Five years' 

 experience in field and editorial work on engineer- 

 ing journal. References furnished. C. S. H., 102 

 Tribune Building, New York. 



WANTED. — By well - qualified and experienced 

 science master and associate of the Royal 

 School of Mines, London, aged ~6 (at present in 

 England), a mastership in technical coUege or uni- 

 versity for any of the following subjects: Engineer- 

 ing sciences, geology and mineralogy, physics, chem- 

 istry and metallurgy, etc., etc. Can provide excel- 

 lent references and credentials. Apply, J. G., 17 

 Sussex St., Rochdale, England. 



AGRADtJATE of the University of Pennsylvania 

 and a practical mineralogist of twenty years' 

 experience desires to give his services and a cabi- 

 net of 25,C0O specimens, all named, with about the 

 same number of duplicates, in minerals, crystals, 

 rocks, gems, fossils, shells, archfeological and ethno- 

 logical specimens and woods to any institution de- 

 siring a fine outfit for study. The owner will in- 

 crease the cabinet to 50,000 specimens in two years 

 and will act as curator. Correspondence solicited 

 from any scientific institution. J. W. Hortter, 

 M.D., Ph.D., San Francisco, Cal., General P. O. 

 Delivery. 



