May ig, 1893.] 



SCIENCE. 



279 



text-book than one for class-room use, such as Unwin's. It in- 

 cludes less mathematical discussion than samples of good design- 

 ing, graphically presented. It is full of excellent " dimensioned " 

 illustrations of a great variety of machinery, and especially of 

 machine-tools and steam-engines. It gives a large number of 

 rules and tables of proportions of parts of machinery taken from 

 the standard treatises and from the note-books of skilled designers. 

 In many cases the methods of computing sizes and proportions 

 are given. The drawings have all been prepared from vs'orking 

 drawings, and especially with a view to their use for this pur- 

 pose. Standard and successful practice is thus laid before the 

 young student, or practitioner; and the art of proportioning is 

 thus not only acquired, but the novice is, at the same time, made 

 familiar with the best designs of his seniors. A combination of 

 this work with that of Professor Unwin would seem likely to 

 make an ideal course; the one being used in the drawing-room, 

 the other in the class-room in conjunction with lectures. For 

 the ambitious apprentice, no better plan could be recommended 

 than a similar course of private reading and practice. 



The Philosophy of Individuality, or the One and the Many. By 

 Antoinette Brown Blackwell. New York, G. P. Put- 

 nam's Sons. $3. 

 This work is a new attempt to solve the problem of the uni- 

 verse. It is by no means easy reading, the style being at once 

 verbose and obscure, and the same thought is often repeated again 

 and again, without ever being made clear. The fundamental 

 doctrine of the book is a new theory of matter, namely, that 

 matter is not a substance at all, but merely a complex of motions; 

 or, in the author's own words, that "matter is literally composed 

 of aggregated and cooperative modes of motion." Even an atom 

 is regarded as nothing but a combination of balanced and corre- 

 lated motions : " Our atom of matter, then, is a unit of motions 

 with innate energy enough to achieve vastly more than has yet 



been required of it by physical evolution." This view is ex- 

 pounded and illustrated through several chapters, and the en- 

 deavor is made to show how the theory applies to what we com- 

 monly call substances, and to distinguish between these "com- 

 plexes of motion" and the "free motions" of heat, light, 

 electricity, and gravitation. The theory is admitted to be nothing 

 but a hypothesis, and we fear that it will always remain so. 



Passing now from the realm of matter to that of mind, the 

 author presents a theory of mind and consciousness similar to 

 that of Herbert Spencer, that mind and matter are merely two 

 aspects of one underlying reality. It differs, however, quite 

 radically from Spencer's view in regarding life and consciousness 

 as attributes not of an organized body only, but of each individual 

 atom: "The rhythmic atom is alive with the high possibilities of 

 ever-growing sensibility and actual knowledge." The objection 

 that there is no evidence of life or feeling in inorganic matter, 

 Mrs. Blackwell endeavors to meet by the theory of "potential 

 mind" and "nascent feeling," phrases which are made to do duty 

 instead of arguments and proofs. The grand difficulty with such 

 a theory is to account for personality; for, if every atom is sen- 

 tient by itself, it would seem that I must have as many minds as 

 there are atoms in my body, and Mrs. Blackwell is by no means 

 successful in removing the difficulty. " We assume," she says, 

 " that the one commanding ego in each higher organism is ex- 

 clusively but one individual unity!" but, notwithstanding her 

 exclamation point, there is no warrant in her theory for such an 

 assumption 



Such are the fundamental doctrines on which the author seeks 

 to found a rational theology and a belief in the immortality of 

 the soul, but we find little in her arguments that is convincing or 

 satisfactory. The whole theory is hypothetical ; and, while we 

 recognize the earnest purpose of her book, we cannot think that 

 she has added anything important to our knowledge of nature or 

 of man. 



ATonic 



For Brain-Workers, the Weak and 

 Debilitated. 



Horsford's Acid Phosphate 



is without exception the Best 

 Remedy for relieving Mental 

 and Nervous Exhaustion; and 

 where the system has become 

 debilitated by disease, it acts as 

 a general tonic and vitalizer, 

 affording sustenance to both 

 brain and body. 



Br. J. C. Wilson^ Philadelphia, Pa., 

 says: ** I have used it as a general tonic, 

 and in particular in the debility and 

 dyspepsia of overworked men, with sat- 

 isfactory results." 



Descriptive pamphlet free. 

 Romtord Chemical AVork8, Providence, R. I. 



Beware of Substitutes and Imitations. 



Exchanges. 



[Freeof charge to aU, if of satisfactory character. 

 Address N. D. C. Hodges, 874 Broadway, New York.l 



For sale or exchange. — Johnson's Universal Cyclo- 

 pasdia, B vols., ed. 1888. Bindins-, half-morocco. 

 Will sell cheap for cash or would exchange for 

 typewriter. Address W. J. McKom, Mason, Mich. 



I have 500 microscopic slides to exchange in lots 

 to suit. Want Kodak, first-class field-glass or 

 scientific books. A. C. Gruhlke. Waterloo, Ind. 



Texas Plants. I will collect sets of plants repre- 

 sented in this region of i^exas, either for sale or 

 for exchange for literature, for anyone who will 

 send me an order in time to fill it. Plants to be 

 ready complete in November. C. F. Maxwell, Box 

 174, DubUn, Texas. 



For sale or exchange — A Telescope (36 diameters, 

 copper barreU — for ©20 cash or scientific books of 

 that value. A. N. Somers, La Porte, Ind. 



For sale— A complete set of the Reports of the 

 Second Geological Survey of Pa., 1874-1893. includ- 

 ingthe Grand Atlas. Publisher's price overalls. Will 

 sell for S50. Address F. D. Chester. Newark, Del. 



The undersigned has skins of Pennsylvania and 

 New Jersey birds, as well as other natural history 

 specimens: which he wishes to exchange for ma- 

 rine, fresh water, and earthworms of the South and 

 West. Correspondence with collectors desired. 

 J. Percy Moore, School of Biology, University of 

 Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 



For sale or exchange. — I have a Caligraph type- 

 writer (No. 2) in perfect order and nearly new. It 

 is in a heavy leather, plush-lined office case, the 

 whole costing me about §100. I desire to obtain for 

 it, either by sale or exchange, a new. No. 5 "Kodak'" 

 camera, with six double feather-weight plate-hold- 

 ers and the latest pattern of their tripod. The lens 

 and pneumatic time-shutter must also be the same 

 as those now sold with the last No. 5 Kodak. The 

 price of what I desire in exchange is $78. Address, 

 for particulars, P. O. Box 314, Takoma, District of 

 Columbia. 



For sale. — An Abbe binocular eye-piece for the 

 microscope. Alfred C. Stokes, 527 Monmouth St., 

 Trenton, N. J. 



For sale or exchange. — One good long range Rem- 

 ington B. L. rifle. 44 calibre, also land and fresh 

 water, and marine shells. Want shells. Safety, 

 camera or printing press. A. H. Boies, Hudson, 

 Mich. 



For sale — A Zentmayer new model U. S. Army 

 Hospital monocular stand. Price SllO, will sell for 

 S75. Address H. C. WeUs, No. 151 Broadway, New 

 York. 



Wa7tis. 



WANTED. — Second-hand copy of Ehrenberg's 

 Radiolaria, Berlin, 1875. Selected diatom 

 slides, cash or both in exchange. D. C. Lewis, M.D. 

 Skaneateles. N. Y. 



WANTED, as principal of a fiourishing technical 

 school, a gentleman of education and experi- 

 ence who will be capable of supervising both me- 

 chanical and common school instruction. Special 

 familiarity with some technical branch desirable. 

 Address, giving age, qualifications, etc., J. B. Bloom- 

 ingdale. Fifty -ninth street and Third avenue, N. Y. 



WANTED.— A young man as assistant in our 

 microscopical department. Queen & Co., 

 PhUadelphia. 



THE undersigned desires specimens of North 

 American Gallinae in the flesh for the study of 

 their pterylosis. These species are especially de- 

 sired: Colinus ridgwayi^ cyrtonyx montezumae, 

 deudragapiisfranklini, lagopus tvelchi,tympamichus 

 cupido and pedioecetes pnasianellus. Any persons 

 having alcoholic specimens which they are wiUing 

 to loan or who can obtain specimens of any of the 

 above are requested to communicate with Hubert 

 Lyman Clark, 3922 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh. Pa. 



A 



COMPETENT TEACHER of botany in coUege 

 or university is open to engagement. Address 

 Box 86, Rochester, Mich. 



CAN any one inform me as to the age to which 

 cats have lived? I have one twenty years old. 

 Edward D. Webb, 132 W. Eighty-first St., New York. 



WANTED — Second-hand. Foster's Physiology, 

 Balfour's Comparative Embryology. Clans & 

 Sedgwick's Zoology. Flower's Osteology of Mam- 

 malia, Vine's Physiology of Plants. Please state 

 editions and prices asked and address Richard 

 Lees Brampton, Ontario, Canada 



A GRADUATE ENGINEER will give instruction 

 evenings in geometry, trigonometry and sur- 

 veying, mechanics, physics, mechanical drawing 

 and general engineering construction. Five years* 

 experience in field and editorial work on engineer- 

 ing journal. References furnished. C. S. H., 102 

 Tribune Building, New York. 



THE ARCHAEOLOGIST. 



An Illustrated Monthly Magazine devoted ex- 

 clusively to American Archaeology and Anthro- 

 pology. Subscription price, one dollar a year 

 Sample copies free. 



Tlie Arcbaeologfst, Waterloo, Ind. 



