348 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. XXI. No 542 



the guise of one in biology. Whether it agrees with the original 

 meaning of the word "biology" or not, I care but little, for 

 many other words of our language are very far to-day from their 

 original signiQcance, while a study of the principles shown by 

 " matter in its living state," is certainly not very far from the 

 significance of the words from which "biology " is derived. 



H. T. Fernald. 

 State College, Pa., June 9. 



BOOK-REVIEWS. 



Fifteenth Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State 

 of Connecticut, for the Seven Months Ending June 30, 1892. 

 New Haven, 1893. 

 In addition to the customary features, the statistics upon the 

 health of towns and the reports of local boards of health, this 

 volume contains three papers under the heading " Miscellaneous." 

 The first of these is by Dr. Herbert E. Smith, upon " Connecticut 

 Eiver Water as a Source of Typhoid Fever at Hartford." The 

 unusual number of cases of typhoid fever in Hartford in tlie 

 winter of 1891-92 led to an investigation by Dr. Smith, under the 

 auspices of the State Board of Health. Dr. Smith has fixed the re- 

 sponsibility for the outbreak upon the water of the Connecticut 

 River, which was supplied to citizens of Hartford during a large 

 part of the months of October, November, and December. The 

 period when the disease specially prevailed " corresponds with 

 the time when cases originating in the use of the river-water 

 must have appeared." From the evidence adduced by Dr. Smith 

 there seems every reason to believe that typhoid germs, carried to 

 the consumer by the river-water, were the cause of some fifteen 

 deaths that otherwise might not have occurred. Dr. Smith sug- 

 gests that the germs might have come from the sewers of Spring- 

 field, twenty-five miles up stream, and this seems certainly a 

 likely supposition, if we are to judge from the history of similar 

 epidemics. 



The paper which follows this is by Dr. Charles J. Foote, upon 

 "The Filtration of Water." It relates some experiments upon the 

 Pasteur-Chamberlain filter, certain of which seem to indicate 

 that defective packing around the porcelain may lead to the ap- 

 pearance of germs in the filtrate. As a result, partly of his own, " 

 partly of others' investigations. Dr. Foote concludes with the 

 following practical advice: "We may conclude then, first, that 

 the porcelain cylinder of a Pasteur filter should be cleansed once 

 a week at least by boiling in water for an hour. A simple wash- 

 ing is not sufficient, since, when the porcelain is replaced, the 

 living bacteria still remain in its pores and come through into 

 the filtrate as soon as the water is turned on; second, that the 

 filter should not be put in a position where it is near a range or 

 any other apparatus giving out much heat, but put in a cold place; 

 third, that a properly- constructed filter should be obtained, so that 

 there is no chance of a leak around the packing." 



The third paper is entitled, "Abstracts from a paper on the 

 Duty of Public Disinfection following Acute Infectious Diseases," 

 and is a remarkable production, as the following pregnant sen- 

 tences may suggest : ' ' One afternoon last December I sat upon 

 the deck of the revenue cutter, ' Lot Morrill,' with the secretary 

 of our State Board of Health." . . . " Smallpox has been lashed 

 to hell by the' agent vaccination, and like a whimpering hound is 

 held securely in leash." . . . " Arms, arts, literature, science, all 

 have their rewards, but not one of them surpasses in the magnifi- 

 cence of its gifts those of which the god-like science, medicine, is 

 capable." 



The Archaean Formation of the Abukuma Plateau. By B. Koto. 

 Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Japan. 

 Vol. v., 1893. Plates. 



This article of nearly one hundred pages and six well-executed 

 plates shows us that Japan is not behind the western countries in 

 scientific studies. Except a few cabalistic signs on the cover, and 

 a few more on one page at the end of the article and a foot-note 



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