1910.] AT THE SOCIETY'S GARDENS DURING 1909. 135 



In a Wallaby there were present filaria in the body-cavity and 

 embryos in the blood ; and in the body-cavity of a foetus found 

 attached in the pouch there was also a parent worm similar to 

 those in the mother. 



5. Hamiogregarines have been found altogether in 51 reptiles, 

 in some for the first time. It is proposed to make these parasites 

 the subject of a further communication to the Society. The blood 

 destruction in the 19 cases in Table I. was enormous, as many as 

 75 to 80 per cent, (in one case 92 per cent.) of the erythrocytes 

 being invaded by the parasites. 



6. The deaths recorded under Worms were due to their pene- 

 tration through the stomach or intestinal wall ; it will be seen 

 from Table II. that they were present in 54 other animals. A 

 tape-worm was found in the gall-bladder of a Wallaby. 



7. Pneumonia in the Mammals and Birds has been mostly of 

 the pneumococcal variety ; in 9 of the reptiles it was a traumatic 

 inflammation due to the irritation caused by the presence of 

 ascaris eggs or embryos in the lungs. In some of these, which 

 were more chronic, tubercular-like masses were formed in the 

 lungs. 



8. The starting-point of the septic absorption in these cases of 

 septicaemia was, in most instances, abscesses connected with the 

 teeth. Four Wallabies had pyorrhoea alveolaris. Two of the cases 

 were due to the pneumococcus ; and in a Gayal abscesses in the 

 kidney, due to calculi, were the starting-points. 



9. The cases of broncho-pneumonia were nearly all confined to 

 the first and last three months of the year. In four cases 

 (Monkeys) Friedlander's bacillus was the cause. 



10. Of the 38 Mammals, the actual cause of whose deaths was 

 congestion of the lungs, 14 had rickets badly. In the Birds, and 

 especially in the smaller ones, owing to the structure and partial 

 fixation of the lungs, this condition is very fatal, and is generally 

 associated with more or less cedema of the lungs, and sometimes 

 with effusion of fluid into the air-sacs. 



11. It will be seen from Table II. that a large number of 

 animals — 39 — had fatty degeneration of the liver. Most of these 

 were small birds, and it may in these be due to inevitable over- 

 feeding with no natural exercise. 



12. Peritonitis in Mammals was in three cases clue to a 

 ; loughing appendix ; in the Birds the inflammation had spread 

 from the oviduct. 



13. On account of the large number of cases of inflammation 

 of the intestinal tract, the investigation into the probable causes 

 which was begun in 1908 has been continued. It seems certain 

 that there are five distinct varieties of enteritis in the Gardens : 

 one caused by errors in feeding ; one caused by foreign bodies, 

 e. g. peat, sand, hay, grass, etc. ; one caused by worms, or by 

 worm-cysts, in the walls of the intestines ; one caused by bacteria ; 

 and, lastly, one caused by protozoal organisms. The first, fourth, 



