1058 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. [YolY. 



iSphenij^cidaB. 



1769. Pennant, T. Account of the different Species of the Birds, called Pinguins. 

 <^PMlos. Ti'cms.for 1768, Iviii, 1769, pp. 91-99, pi. v. 



Patagonian P., p. 91, pi. v, n. sp., not binomially named. The other two species given are 

 the Lesser P. ( =: Diomedea demersa L.) and the Red-footed P. {=Phaeton demersus L.) 



1774. M[lTRR], C. G. V. Beschreibnug des Patagouisclieu Pinguins. Aus dem 58. 

 Band der philosopliisclien Transactionen, vom Jalir 1769. ubersezt von C. G. 

 V. M[un']. <l Der JSfaturforsaher, i, 1774, pp. 258-261. 

 Cf. op. cit., xxiii, 1788, p. 127. 



1781. FORSTEB, J. R. Historia Aptenodytte, generis Avium orbi anstrali proprii. 

 <^ Comment. Soc. Reg, Sci. Gottingen, iii, 1781, {Comm. Pliys.), pp. 121-148, pll. 



Seen, but title taken at second hand. 



This article stands easily first among the early writings upon the subject, marking a great 

 advance upon previous knowledge of the family, and representing the starting-point of the 

 exact literature of Spheniscidce. Forster throws all the Penguins into one genus, Apteno- 

 dytes, dividing them into the Gristatce, with one species, chrysocome, and the Alophce, with 

 eight species. Of Forster's nine species, six are named for the first time; seven or eight are 

 valid; four are valid and new. The sxiecies are: A. chrysocome, n. s., p. 135, pi. 1; A. patch- 

 oniea, n. s., p. 137, pi. 2; A. papua, Scop., p. 140, pi. 3; A. antarctica, n. s., p. 141, pi. 4; A. 

 magellanicus, n. s., p. 143. pi. 5; A. demersus Linn.; A. catarraetes, n. s., p. 145 { = Pha'eton 

 demersus Linn.) ; A. torquata, n. s., p. 146; A. m,inor, n. s., p. 147. 



1797. Geoffeoy St.-Hilaire, £. SurlesManchots [Spheniscidas]. <^Millin, Magas. 

 Encycl., iii, vi, 1797, pp. 11, 12. {Bull. Sc. Soc. FhUom.,i, ii, 1798, p. 81.) 

 Pas vu moi-m6me — le titre tu'6 do Carus et Engelmann. 

 1825. Weddell, — . Ueber die Ai)tenodytes und Diomedea- Arten Siid-Georgiens. 

 . < Fror. Notizen , Bd. xii, nr. 255, 1825, pp. 198-200. 

 jST ot seen — title from Carus and Engelmann. 

 1832. Earle, — . Die Brntpltitze des Pinguins. < Fror. Notizen, xxxiv, No. 738, 1832, 

 pp. 178-180. 

 Not seen. 



1832. JXger, G. Theilung der Luftrobre durcb eine Scbeidewand bei der Fettgana 



(Aptenodytes demersa). < MuUer's Arch. Anat. Phys., vi, 1832, pp. 48-54. 



1833. Yarrell, W. [On the Woolly and Hairy Penguins (Aptenodytes) of Latham.] 



< P. Z. S.,i, 1833, pp. 33, 34. 



1833. Yarrell, W. [On the Identity of the Woolly Penguin of Latham with the Ap- 



tenodytes patachonica, Gmel.) < P. Z. S., i, 1833, p. 65. 



1834. Bennett, G. [On the Habits of the King Penguin (Aptenodytes patachonica, 



Gmel.).] < P. Z. S., ii, 1834, p. 34. 

 1834. Bennett, G. [On the Habits of the King Penguin (Aptenodytes patachonica). ] 



< Lend, and Fdinb. PMIos. Mag., v, 1834, p. 231. 

 From P. Z. S., May 13, 1834. 



1634. Bennett, G. [Sur la maniere de vivre du Pingouin royale, Aptenodytes pata- 

 chonica. ] < L'lnstitut, ii, No. 81, 1834, p. 388. 

 Not seen — title from Carus and Engelmann. 



1834. Meyen, F. J. F. [Spheniscus humboldtii, sp. n.] <iNova. Acta Acad. Cces. 



Leop.-CaroL,-K\i, suppl. i, 1834, p. 110, pi. 21. 



This is not properly citable as a separate title, the new Penguin being described in a 

 paper of much wider scope. 



1835. Bennett, [G.] Ueber die Lcbensart des K6nigspinguins (Aptenodytes pata- 



chonica). < Olcen'e Ms, Bd. xxviii , 1835, \). 1027. 

 Ausziig aus P. Z. S., ii, 1834, p. 34. 



