No.4.\ COUES'S ORNITH. BIBLIOGRAPHY SPHENISCID^. 1061 



1872. COUES, E. Osteological Notes [on Spheniscidie]. < Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, 

 xiv, 1872, pp. 251-253. 



A subtitle in conclusion of a preceding article, i. e., HyatVa Catalogue of the Ornith. Collec- 

 tion of the Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, pp. 237-251. These "notes " consist of a sketch of the lead- 

 ing features of the skeleton. 



1872. CoUES,.E. Material for a Monograph of the Spheniscidte. <^Froc. Acad. Xat. 

 Sci.PliUa.,^KiY, 1872, pp. 170-212, pll.4,5. 



Based chiefly on the specimens in the Museums of the Smithsonian Institution nnd of the 

 Philadelphia Academy, the former being notable as containihg T. K. Peale'a types, and the 

 latter including the largest collection of Penguins in America. 



The copious synonymy gives nearly every name, generic or specific, which had at that 

 time been proposed for this group of birds ; and each species recognized by the author is 

 fully described, with much critical matter. The paper is divided into parts, as follows : 



I. On the Literature of the Subject, pp. 170-181. This is a list, in chronological order, of 

 the principal writings upon Penguins, sufficiently analyzed to give the gist of each author, 

 especially with reference to the successive establishment of new generic and specific names, 

 and the identification thereof; it takes note not only of special papers on Spheniscidce, but 

 also of those portions of more general works which treat of birds of this family. Those who 

 have occasion to look up the literature of Spheniscidce will find this article in some respects 

 more satisfactory than the present Bibliography. 



II On Certain Points of Cranial Structure bearing upon the Determination of the Genera, 

 pp. 181-189. The author describes the skulls of various species in sufficient detail to show 

 that there are three leading modifications of the cranium, upon which he would recognize 

 three genera, Aptenodytes, Eudyptes, Spheniscus; he however retains for certain species a 

 fourth genus, Pygoscelis. The wing and leg bones of Aptenodytes are also described. This 

 part of the subject is illustrated with the two plates. 



m. On the Geographical Distribution of the Family, pp. 189, 190, followed, p. 191, by a Key 

 to the Species. 



IV. Determination of the Species, pp. 192-212. The following species are recognized: 



1. Aptenodytes patago7iica FoTst. { f or ster i GTSiy, irnperator^p.). 



2. Aptenodytes longirostris Scop, (patachonica Aliq., pennantii Gray, rex Bp.). 



3. Pygoscelis tceniata Peale (papua Forst., wagleri Scl.). 



4. Pygoscelis adelioe H. and J. (brevirostris Gray, longicanda Peale, herculis Pinsch). 



5. Pygoscelis antarctica Forst. 



6. Eudyptes antipodes H. and J. (JlavilarvataPeale). [fuaBoxm.). 



7. Eudyptes catarrhactes Forst. (Phaeton demersus L., cristata Shaw, saltator Steph., gor- 



8. Eudyptes ehrysocome Fort, (pachyrhyncha Gray, nigrivestis Gould). 



9. Eudyptes chrysolopha Brandt. 



10. Eudyptes diadematus Gould. 



11. Spheniscus minor Forst. (undina Gould). 



12. Spheniscus demersus Linn., with S. magellanicus as a variety 

 Spheniscus inendiculus Sund., not treated. 



Cf. Zool. Pec. for 1872, p. — ; Am. Nat, vii, 1872, pp. 38-40. 



It may be useful to give here in chronological order a nearly complete list of the names 

 which have been proposed for Spheniscidce, beginning with Linnsens : 



1766. Diomedea demersalArm.., Syst Nat, i, p. 214. 



1766. Phaeton demersus Linn., Syst. Nat, i, p. 219. 



1777. Aptenodytes longirostris Scopoli. 



1777. Aptenodytes papua Scopoli. 



1777. Aptenodytes platyrhyncha Scopoli. 



1781. Aptenodytes ehrysocome Forst., Comm. Reg. Soc. Sci. Gott., iii, p. 135. 



1781. Aptenodytes patachonica Foiat., I. c, p. 137. 



1781. Aptenodytes antarctica Forst., I. c, p. 141. 



1781. Aptenodytes magellanicus Forst., I. c, p. 143. 



1781. Aptenodytes catarractes Forst., I. c, p. 145. 



1781. Aptenodytes torquata Forst., I. c, p. 146. 



1781. Aptenodytes minor Forst., I. c, p. 147. 



1782. Aptenodytes gorftia, Bonnaterre, Encyc. Meth., 1, p. 67. 

 1788. Aptenodytes chilensis Gm., Syst. Nat, i, p. 559. 



1788. Aptenodytes chiloensis Gm., Syst Nat, i, p.559. 



1790. Aptenodytes molinceljiith., Ind. Orn., p. 881. 



17 — . Pinguinaria cristata Shaw, Nat. Misc., pi. 437. 



1800. Aptenodgtes fuscirostris Dliger. 



1816. Eudyptes VieUlot, Analyse. 



1825. Ohrysocom,a saltator Steph., Shaw's Gen. Zool., xiii, p. 58. 



