692 MR. B. F. CUMMINGS 0\ LICE 



of somewhat irregular contour and outline. At the anterior end 

 are two smnll, closely united ofi'shoots from the central cliambers, 

 and at the posterior end, where the vesicula joins the ductus, are 

 two pairs of accessory lobes each attached to the vesicula by 

 scarcely any appreciable neck or constriction. The first pair of 

 lobes are quite small and lie postei'o-ventrally. The second pair 

 run backwards side by side above the issuing ductus, and are 

 nearly half as long as the vesicula and together almost as broad. 

 The ductus ejacidatorius is bi'oad at its upper end and rather 

 short. About midway towards the copulatory apparatus there is 

 a small bend where a pair of small glands are attached. 



Male Copidatory Apjyaratus. — Throughout the Mallophaga, as 

 indeed in Insects generally, the structure of the male apparatus 

 for copulation displays a remarkable variety. In the Mallophaga 

 the strangest condition is found in Pectinopygus j)ullatus (see 

 text-fig. 36). Mjoberg (6, p. 246, fig. 139), who established the 

 genus, in purporting to describe and figure the appai'atus describes 

 only the basal plate, parameres, and ductus. The whole long 

 extrusible sac, with its complex chitinisations, is omitted — swept 

 away in dissection possibly in mistake for the rectum or rectal 

 faecal matter. A propos of the sac, Mjoberg states that, although 

 present, it is " jedocii nicht gut entwickelt." And of the ductus 

 ejaculatorius : " Er zeigt in der Innerwand ein in einer Spirale 

 verlaufendes Chitinband." But the ductus contains no such 

 spiral band, and as it is difficult to suppose Mjoberg mistook the 

 extrusible "preputial sac" for the ductus, there may be here a 

 question of a distinct but unrecognised species. 



Basal plate. — This is long and narrow, with a longitudinal 

 median keel upon its lower surface. The two peculiar processes 

 (P), which probably represent parameres, do not articulate with 

 the basal plate, but are attached to its dorsal surface along 

 the length of the whole "stalk" or unpectinated portion. The 

 distal end is band-like and curves outwards. On the inner 

 surface of each are about thirteen denticles like sessile buds on 

 a stalk, graduated in size from the base to the tip. Below and 

 quite continuous with the basal plate lies an endomeral plate, 

 formed of a rather clear chitin, the upper surface presenting 

 a tesselated appearance. In regard to the " preputial sac," the 

 text-figure lays no claim to a representation of this in the natural 

 position. Unfortunately no male specimen -was obtained with 

 the sac extruded. Consequently the remarkable sclerites 1, 2, 3, 

 4 and 5 are shown lying in no very intelligible position. How- 

 ever, the shape of the pieces is seen together with the structure 

 of the large " retinacular comb" at the distal end, recalling a 

 similar structure figured for Anatoecus. The " comb " in Pextino- 

 pygus consists of a row of about nine elongate bands. Each band 

 at the base has square angles, is fairly broad and parallel-sided 

 for a short distance up before it divides into two, forming a fork 

 with two elongate prongs. All the nine forks are really one 



