24 



WISCONSIN" ACADEMY SCIENCES, ARTS, AND LETTERS. 



times in nests of some size. Near the water-level the gneiss is but 

 little changed, but as as it is traced up to the sandstone it is found 

 getting more and more decomposed, until it becomes a sotfc, grey- 

 ish kaolin, retaining most markedly the laminated structure of the 

 gneiss. 



Soil 



1 



Sandstone ^-^—^ — *- 



cliff 20' 



Conglomerate 

 Kaolinizecl rock 



^ Quantitij of kaolin oUainaUe in Wisconsin. — Taking the whole 

 district together, a very large amount of kaolin undoubtedly exists. 

 There is no reason why what has been seen should be all there is. 

 It must always however be expected that any one deposit will vary 

 much in character, both as to purity, and as to thickness. Num- 

 bers of instances came to my notice where boring showed two 

 feet of kaolin, and no kaolin at all, within a few feet of one another. 

 The fact that the kaolin is apt to occur in continuous lines will 

 however counter-balance the disadvantage of its lack of uniformity, 

 since it can be searched for with assurance of success. In m}'' 

 opinion the indications are such as would warrant the outlay of 

 money in exploitation. 



. III. — USES OF KAOLIN. 



Having thus shown the existence of kaolin in Wisconsin in 

 quantity, it beconies pertinent to ask what it is good for. Its chief 



