100 WISCONSIK ACADEMY SCIENCES, ARTS, AKD LETTERS. 



square, or oblong, for apiu to fasten the shaft, and one of the cop- 

 per pins still sticks fast in its place. Twenty-three of the spear- 

 biacles swell on one side something like bayonets, the rest are flat. 

 Three are marked with seven dents apiece, and one with nine; in- 

 dentations which have been fancied to indicate the number ot 

 beasts, or men, the weapons had killed. Nine spear-heads have 

 round tangs which are so long, smooth and sharp, that they may 

 well have been used as awls and gimlets. The blades of these nine 

 spears swell in the middle of each side. Their shape is a beautiful 

 oval. The largest specimen of this class is about a foot in length. 

 In the middle of its blade there is a hole as large as a pipe-stem, 

 which may have been drilled for putting in a cord to recover the 

 spear when it had been thrown into the water. One spear has a 

 unilateral barb. This, meeting with unequal resistence, will not 

 go straight in water, so we think it of an absurd pattern. But the 

 truth is that if aimed at a fish where he looks to be, it will hit him 

 where he is — though, owing to the refraction of light in water, he 

 is not where he looks to be. One barb is then better than two, and 

 we are the fools after all. Spears of a similar pattern, though of other 

 material have been exhumed in France and California, and are still 

 used in Terra del Fuego. Specimens in bone from Santa Barbara 

 may be seen in the Smithsonian exhibit. Thirteen spears have flat 

 tangs to thrust into shafts. Six of these tangs are serrated or 

 notched like the necks of flint weapons for binding about with sin- 

 ews. They seem to mark the very point of transition from one 

 material to another — from mineral to metal. 



There are fifteen knives. Most of these were intended to be 

 stuck in handles, but one of them has a handle rolled out of the 

 same piece of copper with its blade. Another has its copper han- 

 dle bent into a hook. There are several gads, or wedges, to be 

 driven. There are three adzes — tools beveled only on one side of 

 their edges, and with broad sockets for handles. There are eleven 

 chisels, some as heavy as those we now use. There are twelve axes, 

 one weighing three and three-quarter pounds is exactly the weight 

 of those common among Wisconsin lumbermen to-da3^ Another, 

 which is a pound heavier, is the largest specimen of wrought cop- 

 per that has ever been brought to light. There is one hook, and 

 a square rod. There are more than half a dozen borers of various 

 sizes. One may be called an auger, being sixteen inches long and 



