188 WISOOMSIN ACADEMY SniEJfOES, ARTS, AND LETTERS. 



a servant and assistant, and sustain us in doing what is commanded 

 by naturp." (Epictetus, Discourses iii, 7, 23.) '" We do not think 

 that pleasure is commanded us b}' nature, bat that it is a result of 

 what is so commanded, namelf. justice, temperance, and freedom." 

 (do Fragment Hi, Didot.) 



Philosophers who speak thus cannot be charged Vv'ith iajnoring 

 the value ot pleasure, which indeed they sometimes acknowledge 

 even more freely. 



"Our pleasure is doing good." (Seneca, De Benehciis iv, 13, 2.) 

 '' Yv^e shrill not have any tlie less pleasure for giving virtue the pre- 

 cedence, but siiall be its masters and governors." ((h) De Vita 

 Beata xiv, 1.) '" It is a great pleasure for me to think of the charac- 

 ter of Scipio." (do Ep. 86, 5.) '" I permit you to enjoy pleasures, 

 vrhich Yv'ili come to you more plentifully if you rule them than if 

 you obey tliem." (do Ep. 116, 1.) 



Usually, hov/evor, terms, which denote only mental pleasure, 

 like gaiuliitui, JaHltia and various forms and derivatives of the 

 verbs chairo and cuphraino are preferred, of v/hich common prac- 

 tice a few instances Aviil be given. 



'' B^ has reached the height of wisdom who knows what to re- 

 joice in. Learn this, first of all, Lucilius." (Seneca Ep., 23, 2.) 

 "I am not depriving j^ou of many pleasures" (voluptates) '• but 

 desiring that joy may never fail you." (Do. Ep.. 23, 3.) ^' Nothing 

 which is not right can please anybody always." (Do. Ju\)., 20, 5.) 

 '■ You can see that 3'ou are not yet sufficiently wise^ for the wise 

 rnan is always joyous. Joy belongs to liira alone, and this is the 

 reason that you should wish for v/isdom." (Do. Ep., 59, see. 2, 14 

 and 16.) " The wicked find a fleeting pleasure in what gives the 

 wise man enduring joy." (Do. Ep., 59, 21.) "It is right and natu- 

 ral for the good man to be j.'^yful." (Do. De Ira, li. 6, 5.) "En- 

 joy the present and accept ail things in their season." (Epictetus^ 

 Disc. IV, 4, 45.) " Take continual pleasure in passing from one 

 philanthropic action to another, thinking of God." (Marcus Aure- 

 lius YL, 7.) " What remains, except to enjoy life by joining one 

 good thing to another, so as not to leave even the smallest interval 

 between." (Do., XII, 29. Long. See also VIII, 26, and X 33.) 



The reader may charge the Stoics with self-contradiction in their 

 language about mental pleasure, but he can find none in their re- 

 fusal to admit bodily pleasure as a legitimate motive or as any part 



