102 WISCONSIN" ACADEMY SCIENCES, ARTS, AND LETTERS. 



(do 20.) "The aim of the Stoic is to be useful, not to himself ;iloue 

 bat t'> all men. both collectively aad itidividaally, '"(Seneca, De Clem. 

 II. 5, 3.) '• Gruard religiously the bond which unites man to mnn 

 and establishes the common riahts of all the race," (do ep., 43, 3.) 

 " Philosophy teaches reverence for the sods and love of man. (do ep., 

 90,3.) " This is the rule otdntv. Nature has made us kindred 

 implanted in as mutaal love, and made us kindly affeclioned, so 

 thiit it is more painiul for us to injare than to be injured. She bids 

 our helpful hands be ever ready. Have this verse ever on your lips 

 and in your heart. ' 1 am human, and I think no other man a 

 strtmger.' We are born to live to<^-ftther. Humanity is an arch 

 which falls unless each part sustains the rest," (do ep. 95, 52, 3.) 

 "The wise man thinks himself the citizen and soldier of tlie uni- 

 verse, and labors as if under orders." (do ep. 120, 12.) " I owe 

 more to the human race than to any individual, (do De Ben., VII. 

 19, 9.) "Men by nature endeared to "ach other," (Epictetus III, 2-1. 

 Ilijrs"inson, p. 268.) " Man's nature is to be gentle and sociable, and 

 to do good," (do IV. 1. 122, 6.) ""I would have death find me doing 

 something benovelent, pa!)lic-spirited, noble, (do IV 10,12) "Noth- 

 ing is nobler than m tgnanimity, meekness, and philanthropy," 

 (do Fragment LI.) "I would lay aside all self love, (iLircu-' An- 

 relius, il. 5.) " liational creatures exist for each other," (do IV. 3.) 

 '• The sole fruit of this'earthly life is a pious disposition and philan- 

 thropic activity, (do VI. 30.) "Only v/hat is u-;eful CO R;nne a'.id 

 to the universe is useful to me," (do VI. 44.) "One thing here is of 

 great Vv'orth, to live in fellowship v/ith truth and justice, and yet be 

 benovelent to liars and unjust men." (do VI. 47.) " It is pecuiiirly 

 human to love even those who do wrong," (do VII. 22.) " Love 

 mankind," (do VIl. 31. "Benevolence to our fellow men is pi-cu- 

 liarly human," (VIII. 26.) "It is not tit that I should give my-elf 

 pain, for I have never given p.ain iiitentionally to anyone ebe," 

 (do Vill. 42.) " Among the properties of the rational soul is love 

 of one's neighbor," (do X. 1, 1.) "Have I done anything fur the 

 general interest? I have had my reward," (do XL 4.) 



No wonder that J* S. Mill calls the commentaries of Marcus Au- 

 relius " the highest ethical product of the ancient mind." Indeed 

 the writings of these two philosophers are admirably in harmony, 

 like their lives. 



It is true that before the discovery, but little more than a cen- 



