EXAMINATION OF PROF. CAEPENTER's EVOLUTION". 197 



tion, proceed either inductively or deductivel3^ Conytitutiiig as it 

 does the highest generalization, it is debarred from mental activity 

 in the inductive direction, and is, consequently, obliged to manifest 

 itself deductive\tj. But mind is subjective. It can only manifest 

 itself objectively, and hence, nvdter is such objective manifestation. 

 Matter, therefore, on this hypothesis becomes nothing 

 but the symbol of thought. The Supreme mind man- 

 festing itself according to deductive laws proceeds in a series from 

 the simple to the complex. Hence, matter symbolizing this thought 

 will proceed in the same manner. Differentiations then in matter 

 are not due to generative forces residing in "the organism but to 

 thought existing in the supreme mind. And thus it is that Dr. 

 Carpenter is an Evolulionist but not a Darwinian. 



The key-stone of Dr. Carpenter's logic is found in a Supreme In- 

 telligence, — not the Supreme Intelligence as generally conceived, 

 but as specially conceived by men, that is to say, as being the' high- 

 est possible generalization — as governed by the same rational laws 

 that govern us — and as manifesting his thoughts in material forms. 

 It is evident that the surest way to weaken this logical structure will 

 be to weaken this conception. 



Let us grant that the mind must proceed either deductively or 

 inductively, the question arises which process has precedence. 

 Is it possible to reason deductively before we have inductively 

 arrived at our deductive stand point, or to reason inductively be- 

 fore we have deductively reached our induction stand point? 

 or in other words do we reason naturally from the particular to tho 

 general or from the general to the particular? A moments consid- 

 eration will inform us that before we can reason deductively, we 

 must have reasoned inductively. The growth of the child's mind 

 is the natural growth, and it is from the individual to the general. 

 The individual facts begin to form into groups of animate and in- 

 animate, and these into subordinate groups, and these into others; 

 there is in fiict a constant sinking of individual characteristics into 

 those that are specific, and of these latter into those that are gen- 

 eric, and of these into broader divisions, and thus, step by step, 

 the highest generalization of which matter is capable is reached, 

 which is, as Dr. Carpenter truly says, the highest knowledge. No 

 deductive standpoint, therefore, can be reached save only through 

 induction; but once attained through the instrumentality of 2. feiu 

 facts, we may use the deductive method to discover the many. 



