Wisconsin Kettle Moraine. 223 



been from lower to higher levels, as the strata now lie, and are 

 presumed to have lain, since the basin is one of excavation and 

 not of flexure. These phenomena, in all their details, are pre- 

 cisely what we should expect from the action of a glacier advanc- 

 ing through the Erie valley, and moving in a manner analogous 

 to that of the Green Bay glacier. That a glacier moved through 

 this valley has been abundantly shown by the Ohio geologists. 

 The only labor of this article is to show that it was an individual- 

 ized stream, forming the Ohio " Kame " belt on one side, and the 

 Michigan on the other, simultaneously, and that they are collat- 

 eral members of a common moraine. 



Eastward from Ohio, there has been, so far as I am aware, na 

 definite attempt to trace out the extent of the belt. In western 

 New York, Prof. Hall mentions, as one of the three general as- 

 pects of the superficial deposits, a surface ''broken into irregular 

 hills or ridges, with deep bowl-shaped depressions, or long valleys, 

 which often communicate in more extensive ones, or are enclosed 

 on all sides by drift," ^ but he does not definitely locate the forma- 

 tion, or indicate whether it assumes the form of a belt, or other- 

 wise. In central New York, Prof. Yanuxem says : " There is 

 another class of deposits, well defined as to position, but irreg- 

 ular as to composition, which are worthy of note. They occur in 

 the north and south valleys, which are on the south of the Mo- 

 hawk river, or the great level." "The whole of these deposits 

 have a common character. They are in short hills, quite high for 

 their base and are usually in considerable numbers." " They con- 

 sist of gravel, of stones also of greater size, sand and earth." ^ 

 These, he says, greatly resemble the " deluvial elevations " no- 

 ticed in the survey of Massachusetts,^ the description of which is 

 perfectly applicable to the formation under consideration. Fur- 

 thermore, Prof. F. H. King, of the Wisconsin survey, has exam- 

 ined the same deposits in the vicinity of Ithaca, and recognizes 

 their identity in kind. Neither of these observers, however, dis- 

 cern a definite belt, although Prof. Yanuxem destroys the force 

 of his apparent limitation of the formation to the valleys, by stat- 



I Nat. Hist. Surv. 4th DIst., Geol., Pt. IV, pp. 320, 321. 

 « Nat. Hist. Surv. N. T., Sd Dist,., p. 218. s Geol. of Mass., E. Hitchcock, 1833, p. 144. 



