THE EXTERNAL CHARACTERS OF THE LEMURS. 19 



4. On the External Characters of the Lemurs and of 

 Tarsius. By R. J. Pocock, F.R.S. 



[Received March 5, 1918; Read March 5, 1918.] 

 (Text-figures 1-16.) 



Tabxe o? Contents. 



Page 

 Introduction 19 



The Muzzle and the Rhinarium 20 



The Ear 22 



The Facial and Carpal Vibrissge 24 



The Glands of the Pore Limb 25 



The Hands and Feet '27 



The Sublingua 36 



• The Anus and its Glands 40 



The External Genitalia of the Male 42 



The External Genitalia of the Female 47 



General Conclusions and Sj'stematic 51 



Introduction. 



The materials upon which this paper is based are mainly the 

 lemviroicl Primates which have died in the Zoological Gardens 

 during the past ten years or so. Representatives of practically 

 all the commonly imported menagerie species of the group have 

 passed through my hands in that time, namely, species belonging 

 to the genera Chiromys, Chirogaleiis, Lemur, Gcdago, Perodicticus, 

 •and Nycticehiis. For the loan of examples of Hemigcdago and 

 Tarsius 1 am indebted to Prof. Wood-Jones, the Society's 

 Prosector. I am also indebted to Mr. Oldtield Thomas and to 

 Prof. J. P. Hill for the chance to examine other specimens of 

 Tarsius. I have not, however, been able in all cases to see repre- 

 sentatives of both sexes of the species ; and of many admitted 

 genera, notably Alicrocebus. Mixocebus, Lejnlemur, and Loris, no 

 specimens have come to hand. This applies also to the three 

 genera of Indrisidte {Indris, Propithecus, Lichanotus), which, like 

 Tarsius, seem to be intolerant of captivity even in their own 

 ■countries. The external characters of the Indrisidfe, however, 

 have been tolerably fully described and illustrated in Milne- 

 Edwards and Graudidier's great work on the Fauna of Mada- 

 gascar. From this I have freely borrowed. Unfortunately no 

 text accompanies the numerous plates on the various species of 

 Lemurida^ published in that worlv. Of other treatises dealing 

 with the Lemurs on a comprehensive scale the most important 

 is the paper by Mivart and Murie (Tr. Zool. Soc. vii. 1872), in 

 which some of the external characters of a few diverse types are 

 dealt with from the comparative point of view. The rest of 

 the bibliography consulted consists mostly of special memoirs on 

 particular species, like Owen's paper on Ghiromys, Burmeister's 



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