HERMAPUUODITISM IN A LIZARD. 229 



All the above mentioned cases are, it will be noted, pie- 

 doininantly male, indeed as far as their gonads are concerned 

 wholly male, for in no case is any reference made to the 

 presence of ova or ovarian tissue. 



In this respect the specimen described in the present paper 

 stands in striking contrast to previously described cases ; more- 

 over, while it is distinguished by the presence of well-marked 

 ovotestes, it must have been physiologically sterile. 



Among lower forms the occurrence of well-developed Miillerian 

 Ducts seems often to be accompanied by the existence of an 

 ovotestis. Cases of this kind have been described by Marshall 

 in the Frog (8), but Fantham (3) seems to have been the first to 

 record a case of true hermaphroditism in the Reptilia. The 

 specimen of Testudo grceca described by him possessed well- 

 developed oviducts, the lumen of each being continuous through- 

 out. Of the two gonads the right was a typical testis, on the 

 ventral surface of the left however was a "conspicuous yellow 

 egg." On section another was found developing in its proximity, 

 while " a few groups of bodies resembling developing ' ovarian 

 ova' were seen scattered in separate groups (follicles) among 

 otherwise testicular tissue, more especially near the periphery of 

 the anterior portion of the gonad." Epididymes, vasa efferentia 

 and vasa deferentia were present as in normal specimens, the 

 former being rather large. 



It seems a point worthy of note that the development of the 

 oviducts in the cases referred to above, viz., those of Howes, 

 Hill, and Jaquet, is much more complete than in the subject of 

 tlie present paper; in all these three cases the oviducts were 

 developed throughout their whole length and opened into the 

 cloaca, yet in none of these cases is any mention made of the 

 presence of ova or ovarian tissue. In the present specimen, on 

 the contrary, numerous ova occur, though only the anterior 

 thirds of the two oviducts are fully developed. 



Literature referred to. 



1. ]^ouRNE, A. G. — " On certiuu abnormalities in the Common 

 Frog; i. The occurrence of an ovotestis." Q. J. M. S. xxiv. 



3. BiiAUN. — " Diis urinogenital Syst. der einheimischen Ilep- 

 tilien." Arbeit, aus dem zool.-zootomisch. Instit. WUrzburg, 

 vol. iv., 1877-8. 



3. Fantham., H. B. — "On Hermaphroditism and Vestigial 



Structures in the Reproductive Organs of Testudo grceca." 

 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. xvi. 1905, p. 120. 



4. Hill, J. P. — "Note on the presence of Vestigial Miillerian 



Ducts in a full-grown male lizard {Amphiboluriis muricatus) ." 

 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. viii. (Series 2ndX Sept. 27th, 

 1893. 

 Proc. Zool. Soc— 1918, No. XVII. 17 



