1 8 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 



THE LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF 

 HARROGATE AND DISTRICT (YORKS.). 



By FRANCIS R. FITZGERALD, 



Honorary Secretary of the Harrogate Naturalists' Society. 



(Read before the Conchological Society, Nov. ist, 1888, and recommended for publication 

 by the referees, W. Nelson and J. W. Taylor). 



A very brief description of the district will suffice, by far 

 the greater portion of the seven miles radius round Harrogate 

 is contained within what is known as " The Forest of Knares- 

 borough." In the north it extends to Wormald Green, on the 

 south it reaches as far as Harewood, while in the east and west 

 its respective limits are Walshford and Fewston. 



The physical aspects of this district is generally that of a 

 series of undulations, a series of hills and valleys, none of them 

 remarkably high or deep, but both to a certain extent rounded 

 and smoothed by the action of water. 



The principal geological formation is the Millstone Grit, 

 which is said to be about 800 to 1000 feet thick, it is pro- 

 minently developed at Plumpton and Brame Hall. The impure 

 and magnesian limestone appears in several places and its effect 

 upon the land moUusca is very noticeable. 



The district is well watered by the rivers Nidd, Wharfe and 

 Tutt. The river Nidd which has its origin in the mountain 

 limestone district — Greenhow Hill — first touches this district at 

 Darley. On reaching Ripley it receives the waters of Oakbeck, 

 and after meandering slowly along through beautiful scenery it 

 unites with the Crimple beck near Walshford bridge. The Wharfe 

 only touches this district at Castley and forms the southern 

 boundary of the forest down to Harewood bridge. The river Tutt 

 touches the north-eastern boundary of the district at Staveley. 



J.C, vi., Jan., 18S9. 



