424 SIMROTH : ON SOME TESTACELL^. 



has demonstrated are really those of the true Haliottdea, though 

 erroneously given as Maugei by the learned authors ; they also 

 agree with the more exact figure of this English author (Journ. 

 Conch., V, p. 340, July, 1888). But now arises a new difficulty, 

 for the Testacella haliotidea from Trieste which I have dissected 

 (I.e. p. ii, fig. 9) I now think should be ranged under T. 

 catalonica Poll, and T. fecchioUi Bgt. from Settignano near 

 Florence. The question is to be decided by malacologists resi- 

 dent in countries in which the species are found. 



I wish to discuss still another point. As is known, in the 

 TestacellcE the retractors of the pharynx and of the tentacles or 

 ommatophores have widely separated origins. Plate has found 

 that each of them has its own innervation. He has concluded 

 that both are independent things. On the contrary, I have 

 tried to derive the different muscles from the parts of the united 

 viusadns-colunieUaris of DandehardicE. The middle form would 

 be the D. smilcyi, in which the two bundles for the pharynx 

 and the lef; jentacle take rise nearly together on the left side. 

 I think we are both right. The explanation is given by the 

 composition of the normal viusciilus-cohimcllai'is of the Stylom- 

 matophora. The primary bundle is that for the pharynx only, 

 with which the tentacle retractors unite themselves later. In 

 Zonites verticillus and some Hyalince the union has not yet 

 taken place. In other forms {GIniidina and many Helices) on the 

 other hand still more bundles for the anterior parts of the foot 

 have loosened themselves from the integument and have been 

 united with the columellaris. In the Daitdebardice the three 

 bundles for the pharynx and the tentacles are only a little bound 

 together, or their origins are very close together, especially the 

 left ones. Therefore, it is evident that the innervation of the 

 separated muscles in Testacellce cannot be an argument that 

 they were never united with the pharynx retractor or never had 

 the relations as in DmidebardicB. The question is important 

 enough with regard to other Pulmonata with similar separations, 

 e.g., the Ario7iidcB, Meghimatium, and Caucasian TestacellidcB, 

 and Trigonochlamydina {Trigonoc/ilamys and Selanochlamys). 



J.C., vi., Oct, 1891. 



