166 DE. V. B. SHELFOKD ON THE LIFE-HISTOBIES AND 



OlCINDELA DUODECIMGUTTATA, Subsp. EEPANDA. 



The life-history o£ C. duodecimguttata sub-species repanda differs from that 

 of C. purpurea in that the adults reach sexual maturity later in the spring 

 and the egg-laying is distributed over a longer period. 



The eggs are a bright yellow, 2 mm. long, -^^ mm. in diameter at the 

 narrow end and 1 mm. at the broad end. They are laid in May and June in 

 sloping ground ; sand is preferred. The larval holes are about 10 cm. 

 deep, and their general direction is at right angles when in sloping surfaces 

 and oblique when in horizontal surfaces. 



This species is exceedingly difficult to rear. If conditions become a little 

 unsatisfactory to the animals they leave their holes. All of a very large 

 brood, reared to the second and third stages, were lost by their escaping from 

 the box in which they were kept. Screen was tacked on the edge of the box 

 and allowed to project inwards, but the larvfe were seen to crawl around this, 

 clinging by their feet, their abdomens dangling in the air — a very interesting 

 piece of gymnastics in view of the fact that Geo. Horn asserted in 1878 that 

 the larvae of the Cicindelidce could not assume the straight horizontal position 

 in which they are commonly figured. Many individuals upon leaving the 

 burrows, were devoured by those still in their holes. Schaupp worked with 

 this species and enlarged upon the necessity of having separate dishes to 

 prevent the larvae from devouring each other. 



C. DUODECIMGUTTATA. 



With the exception of the rearing of larvse from the last larval stage to 

 maturity, this species has not been studied in the laboratory. The life-history 

 is shown by field observations to be like that of repanda ; larvse are usually 

 found in humus or clay. A complete life-history, with the exception of the 

 egg, has been taken in early August, from 10 square decimeters of ground. 



C. TKANQUEBAEICA. 



The life-history is essentially the same as that of C. purpurea. 



The eggs are laid in a variety of moist situations. The larvse go to a depth 

 of from 22 to 50 cm. The sides and anterior corners of the pronotum are 

 not pigmented in larvse of the third stage. 



The imagoes undergo a series of colour-changes. 



C. scuTELLARis aber. Lecontei. 



The life-history differs from that of C. purpurea but slightly. The eggs are 

 laid in dry sand which contains a little humus. The adults do not appear as 

 early in the spring and continue later in the summer. About seven per cent 

 of the larvse are parasitized by the larvse of Spogostylum anale, Say, one of the 



