290 CANON A. M. NORMAN ON THE POLYZOA 



CuPULARiA LowEi, Gray. B. (PL 37. figs. 7-12.) 



1854, Cupularia Loivei, Busk, Cat. Marine Polyzoa, p. 99, pi. 116. 

 1869. Cupularia umbellata, Manzoni, "Bryoz. Plioc, Ital.," Sitz. d. k. Akad, Wissenscli. 

 vol. lix. p. 10, pi. 2. fig. 16. 



This is most conspicuously distinct from its Madeiran allies. Unlike in 

 oTowth to them, it does not consist of a round zoarium taking its origin from 

 a central point, and developing equally round that centre so as to form a 

 circular organism ; but in Loivei, even when the zoarium is circular in form, 

 it is only irregularly so and is made up of distinct radial segments, but more 

 generally only a certain number of segments being developed, the zoarium is 

 more or less fan-shaped. The under surface is quite white and porcellanous, 

 with only fiiint lines usually apparent. Seen from above the zooecia are broad 

 in proportion to their length, the oral aperture is marked off by a loell-developed 

 hand to coiistitide. the loioer Up, and the vibracular cells encroach on the 

 following zooecium. The appearance when dead is also very distinct, the 

 lower lip being very characteristic. 



Common in 50-70 fathoms off the coast near the Lazaretto, in company 

 with the other species. 



Cupularia Johnsoni, Bush. B. (PI. 38. figs. 1-6.) 



1859. Cupularia Johnsoni, Busk, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. vol. vii. p. 67, pi. 23. 



figs. 1-6. 

 1869. Cupularia Reussiana, Manzoni, "Bryoz. Plioc. Ital," Sitz, d. k. Akad. d, Wissenscli. 



vol. lix. p. 11, pi. 2. fig. 19. 

 1873. Cupularia doma, Smitt, South Floridan Bryoz. ii. p. 15, pi. 3. figs. 81-84. 



Zoarium conical, in the form of a little dome. The zooecium is somewhat 

 narrowly lozenge-shaped, and has an important specific character in the fact 

 that from the sides in the position of the lower lip calcareous processes are 

 developed inwards so as to present an interrupted bar. The underside is 

 profusely studded with small tubercles (fig. 3). In a variety which is 

 smaller and less raised than the type (fig. 5) the radiating ridges are greatly 

 developed, and bear two rows of tubercles regularly placed and of much 

 larger size than those of the type (fig. 6). 



In 40-70 fathoms in company with the two preceding species, and on 

 ground which is very rich in Polyzoa and Mollusca. 



Cupularia Oweni, Gtcuj. B, 



1828. Cupularia Oweni, Gray, Spicilegia Zoologica, pt. i. p. 8, pi. 3. fig. 15. 

 1854, Cupularia Oiveni, Busk, Cat. Marine Polyzoa, p, 99, pi. 115. 



Busk records this species from Madeira. It is unknowi:i to me as 

 Madeiran. 



