August 7, 1896.] 



SCIENCE. 



171 



Wundt in 1861, which resulted in his important 

 discovery of the Zeitverschiebung, which takes 

 place when the observer connects clock beats 

 heard with the seen positions of a star in appa- 

 ent motion through the field of the telescope. 

 As this Zeitverschiebung may be either positive 

 or negative, it offers an explanation of the ab- 

 normal personal equations (more than a second 

 of time) Avhich Bessel found to take place in his 

 own case, as compared with Argelander and 

 Wilhelm Struve. The variations of personal 

 equation depending on the magnitudes of the 

 stars can most readily be studied by the help of 

 heliometric or photographic relative right as- 

 censions such as are now in progress of publica- 

 tion. The Pleiades, Prsesepe and Coma Bereni- 

 ces, as well as the clusters in other parts of the 

 sky which have been photographed by Euther- 

 furd, deserve careful study by transit observers. 

 The delay in reaction caused by the faintness of 

 the stars is now pretty well recognized by as- 

 tronomers when the chronograph is used, but 

 there are indications of a similar delay in 

 apperception when the eye and ear method is 

 still retained. Astronomers need to pay 

 especial attention to those magnitudes of stars 

 which are near the point where the observation 

 of transits begins to become diflficult. 



T. H, Sapford. 



CINNABAR AND RUTILE IN MONTANA, 



To THE Editor op Science : I wish to call 

 the attention of your readers to a new locality 

 for cinnabar and rutile. Specimens were sent 

 me from the placer works in the vicinity of 

 Philipsburg, Montana, with the idea that they 

 were hematite and emery. The cinnabar is in 

 small rolled grains, quite pure, and the rutile 

 in small prisms. Neither of these minerals are 

 known to have been found in Montana before. 

 I hope to obtain more definite information con- 

 cerning the occurrence of these minerals later. 

 M. E. Wadsworth. 



Michigan Mining School, 



Houghton, Mich. 



pygmy villages discovered in the interior 

 op surinam, guiana. 

 To THE Editor of Science : Yesterday I 

 received a letter from an American commer- 



cial explorer of Guiana, who had recently met 

 there with villages of typical pygmies, who are 

 not over 4 feet 8 inches in height, and have a 

 'brilliant reddish -yellow complexion.' They 

 seem to have come from the head waters of the 

 Orinoco, and to be numerous enough to finally 

 settle the problem as to the existence of dwarf 

 races in America. Humboldt heard rumors as 

 to them, but was unduly skeptical. I hope to 

 be able, at the approaching meeting of the Amer- 

 ican Association at Buffalo, to submit a full 

 description by the explorer, of his interesting 

 discovery, 



R, G. Haliburton, 

 Boston, Mass., July 29, 1896. 



SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE. 

 Sporozoenkunde. van Wasielewski. Ein Leit- 



faden fiir Aerzte, Tierarzte uud Zoologeu. 



Mit 111 Abbildungen im Text. Jena (Verlag 



von Gustav Fischer), 1896. Pp.162. M. 4. 



The specialist in parasitology is frequently 

 asked by general zoologists and by physicians for 

 a short comprehensive book, which, while not 

 too technical and detailed, will serve as a gen- 

 eral guide to a brief study of the Sporozoa. As 

 a rule he recommends Balbiani's Les Sporozo- 

 aires (1884) and Biitschli's Protozoa, I. Bd., II. 

 Abth. (1882), both of which are now rather old; 

 Blanchard's Traite de Zool. med.,I., p. 32-68, 

 Hailliet's Traite de Zool. med. et. agric, I., p. 

 122-160 (1893), and Braun's Die tierischen Par- 

 asiten des Menschen., pp. 47-106 (1895), which 

 though excellent, do not cover the entire field ; 

 or possibly Pfeiffer's Die Protozoen als Krank- 

 heitserreger (1891) — a book which is very diffi- 

 cult to comprehend, and in which the line be- 

 tween fact and supposition is not always clearly 

 drawn. 



To this list of general works we can now add 

 von Wasielewski' s Sporozoenkunde which forms, 

 in some respects, a very excellent compilation 

 on these parasitic protozoa. 



In a general introduction to the Sporozoa the 

 author discusses their (1) distribution, (2) habi- 

 tat, (3) form, (4) food and motion, (5) reproduc- 

 tion, (6) development, and (7) classification. 

 Each group is then discussed in turn, and brief 

 diagnoses of the more common genera and spe- 

 cies are given. Next follows a valuable tabu- 



