208 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. IV. No. 86. 



wish simply to pay my tribute of respect 

 and admiration to the great zoologist and 

 still greater man whom I, with you, hoped 

 to hear this day. 



It is with regret that we miss his noble 

 presence and speech, but there is also an 

 element of gratification, for he is the fittest 

 possible representative the government 

 could have chosen as head of the commis- 

 sion to investigate the seals in Alaskan 

 waters, and thus to furnish the definite in- 

 formation upon the basis of which the two 

 foremost nations of the globe can honorably 

 unite in a common cause. 



In the able addresses which have pre- 

 ceded there has been shown with great 

 clearness and force how the mind of man> 

 cultivated by the disciplines of physics, 

 chemistry and botany, has been made fitter 

 to yield the flower and fruitage of noble ef- 

 fort. What then has zoology contributed, 

 and what is it likely to contribute when 

 used as one of the agents or means in the 

 cultivation of the mind ? And as with the 

 agriculturist, every factor is of interest 

 which can serve in adding to the productive- 

 ness of the soil and the quality of what is 

 produced, so to us, mind or soul culturalists, 

 every factor in mind culture is of vital in- 

 terest. What then is this zoology which is 

 spoken of as a factor in mental culture ? As 

 botany in its broad sense includes every- 

 thing known and knowable concerning 

 plants, so zoology includes everything 

 known and knowable concerning animals ; 

 or as botany is plant-biology, so zoology is 

 animal-biology, and deals with the form, 

 structure, activities, development and classi- 

 fication of animals and their economics or 

 relations to each other and to man. And if 

 we include Homo sapiens among the animals 

 it will be seen that if man and his doings 

 are a part of zoology, zoology, like every 

 other center of knowledge and investigation 

 reaches out to infinity in every direction 

 like the rays from a luminous point. 



Although most of us are engaged in the 

 profession whose high aim is to aid in start- 

 ing the young on the road that leads to a 

 truely liberal culture, it may perhaps be 

 best, before discussing the part which zo- 

 ology has taken and may take in liberal 

 culture, to understand distinctly what is 

 meant by culture or education, aud espe- 

 cially by liberal culture. It seems to me 

 that no one has so well pictured the ideal 

 liberal culture or education, or has realized 

 it more surely in a noble life than the great 

 zoologist, Huxley. Hear his definition : 

 " That man, I think, has a liberal educa- 

 tion, who has been so trained in youth that 

 his body is the ready servant of his will, 

 and does with ease and pleasure all the 

 work that, as a mechanism, it is capable of ; 

 whose intellect is a clear, cold, logic engine, 

 with all its parts of equal strength, and in 

 smooth working order ; ready, like a steam 

 engine, to be turned to any kind of work, 

 and spin the gossamers as well as forge the 

 anchors of the mind ; whose mind is stored 

 with a knowledge of the great and funda- 

 mental truths of nature, and of the laws of 

 her operations; one who, no stunted ascetic, 

 is full of life and fire, but whose passions 

 are trained to come to heel by a vigorous 

 will, the servant of a tender conscience; 

 who has learned to love all' beauty, whether 

 of nature or of art, to hate all vileness and 

 to respect others as himself." 



What has zoology done to make such 

 culture possible? First and foremost, it 

 has aided most powerfully to render free 

 the human mind ; and without freedom no 

 human soul can enter into the fullness of 

 its kingdom ; the true glory of this king- 

 dom is not for slaves. 



At the present day no Caesar on the 

 banks of a Eubicon would make his cross- 

 ing depend upon the omens gained from the 

 flight of birds. We do not decide upon at- 

 tending the meetings of the National Edu- 

 cational Association by the key in which 



