Septejibee 25, 1896.] 



SCIENCE. 



437 



The Distribution of the Species of Gymnospo- 

 rangium in the South : By L. M. Under- 

 wood and F. S. Eaele. 

 The distribution of the six species of 

 Gymnosporangiiim parasitic on Juniperus vir- 

 ginianawsbs noted. An undescribed species 

 was announced as most common in Ala- 

 bama aside from G. macropussbnd G. clavipes. 



Notes on the Pine-inhabiting Species of Perider- 

 mum: By L. M. Underwood and F. S. 

 Earle. 



A revision of the species of the eastern 

 United States, which number gives char- 

 acters, distribution and hosts. The differ- 

 ent character of the swellings produced by 

 Peridermum cerebrum on Pinus Tceda and 

 Pinus echinata were exhibited, the former 

 with fusiform and the latter with globose 

 swellings on twigs, branches or even 

 trunks. The species produces much dam- 

 age in some portions of the South. 



The Terminology of Reproduction and of Re- 

 productive Organs : By C. R. Barnes. 

 The speaker discussed first the distinc- 

 tion between vegetative and non-sexual re- 

 production. The reproduction of the earli- 

 est plants was undoubtedly vegetative re- 

 production. IST on-sexual reproduction is not 

 fairly differentiated from it until the Bry- 

 ophyta are reached, and with them a clear 

 alternation of generations. In Bryophyta, 

 Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta the forms of 

 vegetative reproduction, viz., by brood- 

 buds, or gemmse, by detached shoots and 

 by proliferation (with detachment late 

 when it occurs at all) are clearly distin- 

 guished from the non-sexual form, viz., by 

 spores produced in a compound sporangium. 

 The fundamental distinction lies in this, 

 that vegetative reproduction repeats the same 

 phase, while non-sexual reproduction gives 

 rise to the alternate phase. 



In the second topic discussed the classifi- 

 cation of sporangia and gametangia into 

 simple and compound was suggested. The 



simple gametangium or sporangium is one 

 consisting of a single cell, whose contents 

 become respectively the gametes or spores. 

 The compound gametangium or sporan- 

 gium is an aggregate of several or many 

 (rarely reduced to one) simple gametangia 

 or sporangia surrounded by one or more 

 layers of sterile protection cells. Oogonia 

 and carpogonia are simple; archegonia are 

 compound gametangia. Simple sporangia 

 occur below the Bryophyta ; compound in 

 Bryophyta and above. 



What is the Bark f By C. E. Barnes. 



Attention was called to the varying use 

 of this term by different botanists. The 

 Germans use Borlce and Rinde to denote 

 respectively the external tissue of the root 

 or stem which dries up, and the entire mass 

 of tissue outside the cambium. In this 

 they are followed by the English. The 

 American usage, except as modified by 

 foreign influence, assigns the name bark t& 

 the entire mass of tissue outside the cam- 

 bium. In this use they are followed by 

 the French, and the author advocated the 

 use of bark in this sense, and cortex to 

 designate certain parts of the bark, indi- 

 cated by a preceding adjective. 



The Development of the Vccscidar Elements in the 

 Primary Root of the Indian Corn: By W. 



"W". EOWLEE. 



As a result of the author's investigation 

 he finds that the large cells in the central 

 portion of the root tip, which are usually 

 stated to give rise to the vessels, pass over 

 into parenchyma and that the first vessels 

 are differentiated from cells nearer the sur- 

 face. 



RemarJcs on Chalazogamy: By J. M. Coulter. 

 In this paper the author considered: (1) 

 Chalazogamy as a basis of classification. 

 It was used at first by Treub in 1891. As 

 the basis of grouping all angiosperms, chal- 

 azogams and parogams. It proves to be of 

 no value even in the most minor classifica- 



