494 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. IV. No. 92. 



fessor in the Massachusetts College of Phar- 

 macy, has died at Boston. 



The late Enoch Pratt has made the Shepherd 

 Asylum for the Insane at Baltimore his residu- 

 ary legatee provided that it should change its 

 name to the Enoch Pratt Hospital. The be- 

 quest is valued at $3,000,000. 



The will of the Eev. Lucius R. Page of Cam- 

 bridge, Mass., leaves $2,000 to Tufts' College 

 for the foundation of a scholarship and $10,000 to 

 the town of Harwich for the establishment of a 

 public library, to which his library and collec- 

 tion will be given on the death of his widow. 



The Journal of Physical Chemistry, whose es- 

 tablishment under the auspices of Cornell Uni- 

 versity we recently announced, will be siip- 

 ported by a gift from Mr. E. G. WyckofF of 

 $1,000 a year for five years. 



After an interval of four years the Ameri- 

 can Institute Fair will be held in the Madison 

 Square Garden, New York, on September 28th. 

 A large amount of machinery and a number of 

 technical processes will be exhibited in opera- 

 tion. 



Prop. Fuertes, Director of the College of 

 Civil Engineering at Cornell University, is in 

 correspondence with the Spanish authorities in 

 Cuba, having been asked to take into consider- 

 ation plans for improving the sanitary condi- 

 tion of Havana. 



The Paris Academy of Moral and Political 

 Sciences has awarded the Bordin prize of 2,000 

 fr., the subject for which was this year Kant's 

 Ethics, to M. Cresson, professor at Besangon. 



GiNN & Co. announce for pu^blication this fall 

 a ' Star Atlas,' by Winslow Upton, professor of 

 astronomy and Director of the Ladd Observa- 

 tory, Brown University. 



Two parts of the extensive Handbuch der 

 Anatomie des Menschen, edited by Prof Karl 

 von Bardeleben, have now been issued by Gus- 

 tav Fischer. The first part of the first volume, 

 chiefly concerned with the spinal column and 

 containing 92 pages and 69 illustrations, is 

 by Prof. J. Disse. The work will be completed 

 in eight large volumes. 



The Report of the Commissioner of Educa- 

 tion for 1893-4 gives interesting statistics con- 



cerning the number of books and manuscripts in 

 the university libraries of Europe. Germany 

 stands first, its twenty libraries containing as 

 many as 5,850,000 volumes, over 3,000,000 

 more than the libraries of Italy, which takes 

 the second place. Great Britain, Austria and 

 Russia have each more than 1,800,000 volumes, 

 Sweden and Norway and Spain have 790,000 and 

 726, 000 respectively. It is worthy of note that, of 

 the eight countries where statistics have been col- 

 lected, France, which in the number (sixteen) 

 of its libraries surpasses every other country, 

 Germany and Italy excepted, should have the 

 smallest total number of books (692,200 vol- 

 umes), the largest library (142,300 volumes) be- 

 ing at Paris ; and that in Great Britain, which 

 has only nine university libraries, containing 

 1,849,600 books, more than 1,000,000 of these 

 are about equally divided between Oxford and 

 Cambridge. It should, however, be remem- 

 bered that the large public libraries, such as, for 

 example, the British Museum in England and 

 the Bibliotheque Nationale in France make up 

 in part for deficiencies in the universities. The 

 four largest libraries are Strasburg (704,076 vol- 

 umes, with an annual appropriation in 1894 of 

 $16,363); Leipzig (504,683 volumes, appropria- 

 tion $9,520); Oxford (530,000 volumes, appro- 

 priation $41,531) and Cambridge (506,500 vol- 

 umes, appropriation $9,520), while the libraries 

 at Gottingen, Heidelberg, Munich, Vienna and 

 St. Petersberg each contain more than 400,000 

 volumes. 



According to the report in The Lancet M. A. 

 Lachenal's inaugural address before the Inter- 

 national Congress of Criminal Anthropology at 

 Geneva was a brilliant review of the three 

 previous Congresses — that at Rome having 

 startled the lay and especially the legal world 

 with the thesis that there are born criminals 

 and that there exists a criminal type anatomic- 

 ally determined ; while its successor at Paris 

 strengthened this position by insisting not only 

 on the anatomical, but still more on the 

 physical ' conditions precedent ' of crime, 

 which conditions, so interpreted, yield ' a bio- 

 logical and moral portrait ' set in the social back- 

 ground in which the criminal lives. At Brussels 

 the juristic view of the question intervened, and 

 while admitting a ' natural history of crime '' 



