604 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. IV. No. 95. 



pendages. All of these organs increase in 

 size excepting the small pair on the third 

 segment which remains unchanged till the 

 mouth parts and antennae have assumed al- 

 most distinctive characters. Then these 

 small ones begin to grow as a ridge down 

 each side of the three pairs of mouth parts 

 and finally form a wide plate-like appen- 

 dage enclosing the mandibles and second 

 maxillse entirely. In the adult the mouth 

 parts are known to be enclosed in a tube 

 or to be 'drawn in' as the condition is 

 usually described. If, as generally 

 acknowledged, the insect antennae are 

 considered homologous with the first pair 

 of antennae of the Crustacean, a point of 

 considerable interest is developed. The ap- 

 pendage of the third segment has been 

 found in many insect embryos, but in all 

 cases is a purely embryonic structure; it 

 disappears before hatching. Among terres- 

 trial Crustaceans, the wood lice for example, 

 the second pair of antennae is reduced to an 

 extremely small size. Hence Anurida is an 

 interesting form showing an insect in which 

 the second pair of antennae of the Crusta- 

 ceans is present and functional in the 

 adult ; the function, however, is completely 

 changed. 



15. The first paper Thursday morning 

 was a valuable one by Miss Isabella M. 

 Green on * The Peritoneal Epithelium in 

 Amphibia . ' The principal results of this in- 

 vestigation may be summed up as follows: 



1. Cilia were present upon parts of the 

 peritoneum of all the adult females studied. 



2. Cilia were constant upon the follow- 

 ing parts, hepatic ligament, the ventral 

 wall of the body cavity, the membranes 

 near the mouth of the oviduct and the se- 

 rosa of the liver. 



3. In Necturus some of the adult females 

 showed cilia also upon the dorsal wall of 

 the body cavity. 



4. Specimens of Amhlystoma taken both 

 before and after ovulation and in August 



differed from the other species in having 

 cilia upon the mesoarium and the mem- 

 branes supporting the oviduct. 



From the fact that the cilia are present 

 in the adult female and that the direction 

 of the current produced by them is toward 

 and into the mouth of the oviduct, it seems, 

 without doubt, that the physiological pur- 

 pose of the cilia is to carry the ova to the 

 oviducts. 



16. ' The Heart of the Lungless Salaman- 

 ders of Cayuga Lake,' by Grant S. Hopkins, 

 followed in which it was shown that the 

 current statement regarding the heart of the 

 amphibia must be modified somewhat, for 

 in the lungless salamanders the post cava 

 (or sinus venosus) does not open into the 

 right auricle any more directly than into 

 the left. The auricles communicate with 

 each other very freely. The writer had not 

 been able to make out the presence of pul- 

 monary veins opening into the left auricle, 

 in the lungless forms. One additional lung- 

 less salamander was added to the list. 



17. 'Observations on the Chameleon, 

 Anolis 'principalis,'' by Geo. V. Reich el. This 

 paper treated of the American anolid with 

 observations made by the author concerning 

 its power to change color, its habits, and 

 suggested the possible use of the chameleon 

 as an exterminator of flies and other dwel- 

 ling house insect-pests. 



18. The afternoon session was opened by 

 a paper by Manly Miles read in the absence 

 of the author by C. C. Nutting. The title 

 was ' The Eelative Efficiency of Animals as 

 Machines.' It was an inquiry as to the rela- 

 tive efficiency of different classes of animals 

 in utilizing the potential energy of their food 

 in useful work ; approximate quantitative 

 estimates were given of the expenditure of 

 energy in making 100 lbs. of increase in 

 fattening animals and the relative expendi- 

 ture in repairs of the animal machine. A 

 similar estimate was given of the utilization, 

 of energy in milk production. 



