SOME MAMMALIAN TAPEWORMS. 645 



individual testes at any point. It is for this reason that I regard 

 the cord of cells as the beginning of the uterus and not as a sperm- 

 duct, which it undoubtedly suggests in its appearance and 

 position. 



In matui-e segments, when both the vas deferens and the re- 

 ceptaculum seminis contain sperm, but when the uterus is still of 

 moderate dimensions only, the testes are seen to extend right 

 across the body, when there is room for them, up to the lateral 

 excretory vessels on either side. In transverse sections they are 

 seen to be not more than two or possibly thi'ee deep in the middle 

 region of the proglottides. They are rather moi-e doi'sal than 

 ventral in position and are above the uterus. In the lateral 

 regions of the segments they are more crowded and often rather 

 closely pressed together. I could not find that the testes existed 

 outside of the medullary region of the segments, a point which 

 I mention particulai'ly, since Meyner * met with testes (in 

 B. Gonferta) which had traversed gaps in the transverse mus- 

 culature and had taken up their position among the longitudinal 

 muscles. 



The ovaries in the young proglottides are quite distinct and even 

 some way apart from each other, being joined by a thin bridge 

 which is the oviduct and which dilates in the middle into a round 

 sac marking the point of junction of the two oviducts. Even in 

 young stages the ovaries are divided into numerous digitiform 

 processes, which are not in the young stages thicker at their free 

 extremities. These processes radiate out from a common centre, 

 fanning out away from each ovary respectively. The ovaries are 

 ventral in position and radiate out towards the dorsal side of 

 the segment. In mature proglottides the ovaries are apparently 

 nearer together, that is, the connecting bridge is thiclfer and forms 

 a continuous junction of germinal tissue between them. The 

 processes of the ovary are now club-shaped, i. e. thicker at their 

 free ends. Their arrangement is otherwise the same, but tliey 

 are much more numerous. In such proglottides the two ovaries 

 together occupy about one-quarter of the breadth of the body. 

 They are massed towards the pore side of the proglottid. The 

 double character thus remains distinct and is more marked than 

 is figured by Meyner for his species Bertiella mucronata and 

 B. conferta. 



The vitelline glands also exhibit a double character and are to 

 some extent a copy of the ovaries in their general form and rela- 

 tions to each other. Each gland in the mature proglottides lies 

 a little above and between the ovaries. The dorsal position of the 

 vitelline glands with regard to the ovaries is shown by the fact 

 that the latter, when fully developed, extend dorsally at their 

 lateral margins and thus come to encircle the vitelline glands 

 lying between them. Each vitelline gland is lobate, with numerous 

 oval lobes tending towards a club shape radiating out from a 



* Loc. cit. p. 93. 



