VALIDITY OF SOME FORMS OF MIMICRY. 739 



ineffectual eflbrts to break off the wings, left it and caught a 

 Catopsilia and ate it at once, and then the H. viisippus, afterwards 

 perching just above the place where I had put the butterflies. 

 The old bird saw the Euplma which had been killed by the young 

 one and I'egarded it for some time, then it flew down, pecked at 

 it, looked at it again and then flew off Avith it. The T. hecahe 

 managed to struggle into the grass and was lost. 



Curiously enough, while this was going on, a Catopsilia 

 pyranihi was actually laying eggs within two feet of where I had 

 put down these butterflies, and within twenty feet I found this 

 afternoon eggs and lal•^'Je of Enplma on the oleander. This seems 

 to me to show that the butterflies, when whole, are not molested 

 because, I suppose, they are diflicult to catch. 



12.11.09. Put down three H. misi]ypus d* , one a palatial cripple, 

 the othei's with two wings oft". An old hen Robin came at once, 

 and flew off with one of the wingless ones to a bush about twenty 

 3^ards off" and ate it ; but it did not seem very hungry. A young 

 one a few minutes after came and took the crippled fly and ate 

 it after the usvial difficulty ; it came back in a minute or two and 

 ate the thii'd one. The butterflies had emerged in the morning 

 and were consequently full of juice. 



16.11.09. A young Robin made off at once with a newly emerged 

 H. misippus S • 



18.11.09. Put down four mutilated recently emerged H. misip- 

 pus S • The young Robin flew oft" with one from which the wings 

 had been removed and ate it ; a few minutes after an adult cock 

 Robin came niid ate the three others one after the other. 



19.11.09. Put down four mutilated recently emerged //. inisip- 

 pus (^ in the front garden on the drive. A Calotes ophiomachus 

 ran oft" with one and a Brown Shrike (Lanius cristatii,s) with two 

 others; the fourth, which had its wings only partially developed, 

 got into the grass, grew its wings, and eventually flew oft'. I 

 released three or four butterflies at the same time, and they flew 

 off* strongly enough and were not chased by the Shrike, which was 

 sitting on a tree close by me. 



21.11.09. Put down thi-ee 77. misippus $ form diocippuSj 

 which resembles Danais chrysippus; the hen Robin came at once 

 and ate one and flew off with another ; a young bird followed its 

 mother, and flew off' and ate the other. These butterflies had 

 hatched out that morning and the wings on one side had been cut 

 off. I next put down five more females, all with two exceptions 

 with the wings entirely removed. The cock biiTl took one of the 

 half-winged ones and then ate a wingless one. The young bird 

 then leturned and finished off the remainder. These female 

 butterflies evidently derived no protection from their resemblance 

 to 7). chrysippujS\, and so far as two species of birds are concerned, 

 H. 'misippus is a palatable butterfly. 



8.1.10. Found Lyccena [Zesius] chrysomellus $ fluttering on 

 the ground ; it was headless and with a piece out of one hind 

 wing, probably caused by a Sparrow. 



