THE SPANISH IBEX. 



973 



in tlie three races, being twisted in a half-turn of spiral, with the 

 tips sometimes directed inwards and downwards, as in Capra 

 cylindricornis, but generally pointing upwards Thus, the horns, 

 wdien seen from the front, form a very open lyre, not unlike the 

 low^er half of the horns of the Pir Panjal Markhor. In the females 

 they are very short, somewhat lyrate and quite cylindrical, 

 differing from those of young males in the complete absence of 

 keel. The size of the horns in the adult male is decidedly larger 

 in the Pyrenean Ibex, the two other subspecies being practically 



Text-fi^. 199. 



Cross-sections of left horns of the Mediterranean Ibex ( X : 



A. Madrid Museum, No. 449. 



B. Madrid Museum. No. 1042. 



similar in this respect. I have neither seen nor found mentioned 

 any specimen from either Centi-al Spain or the Mediterranean 

 area with horns about one metre in length, such as frequently 

 occur in Ibexes from the Pyrenees. There follows a table of horn- 

 measurements of adult males in the three subspecies. The 

 dimensions of specimens marked [Ch. & B.] after the owner's 

 name, are converted into millimetres from Chapman and Buck's 

 ' Unexplored Spain ' ; those of specimens marked [W,] from 

 Piowland Ward's ' Records of Big Game.' 



