BIKDS OF WESTERN COLOMBIA. 1147 



C. cayana. As a matter of fact, the six females obtained by 

 Mr. Palmer are exactly like C. ridgwayi except in being slightly 

 deeper bufi' on the anterior under parts. In the main features, 

 viz., crown and back sooty edged with buffy white, larger 

 upper wing coverts broadly margined with cinnamon-buff, dusky 

 markings of lower surface etc., the females of the two species are 

 practically identical. 



C. nattererii ranges from Eastern Panama (Railway line) south 

 to Buenaventura, Western Colombia. Occasionally it is also met 

 with in Bogotd collections. 



100. Carpodectes hopkei Berl. 



Carpodectes hopkei Berlepsch, Orn. Monatsber. v. p. 174 (1897. — 

 San Jose, R. Dagua, W. Colombia) ; Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix. 1902, 

 p. 611 (Ventana, N.W. Ecuadoi-). 



Nos. 2205, 2272, 2285, 2286, 2287, 2288. 6 6 ad. & imm. 

 Novita : 12, 14, 18.xi. 08.— Wing 158-170 ; tail 95-102 ; bill 20- 

 21 g mm. 



No. 2273. (J) juv. Novita: 12.xi.08.— Wing 158; tail 92; 

 bill 20 mm. 



Nos. 2303, 2325, 2326, 2335, 2339. $ $ ad. & imm. Novita : 

 17, 23, 25, 26.xi.08.— Wing 135-140; tail 84-87; bill 18- 

 19 mm. 



No. 2274. (d ) juv. Novita : 12.xi.08.— Wing 154 ; tail 100 ; 

 bill 18 mm. 



" Iris orange (or orange-yellow), feet and bill black." 



" I have seen, but been unable to shoot this bird in all parts 

 of the Choco from Malaquita (S. T.) up to Sipi" (M. G. Palmer). 



The series of males illustrates beautifully the variation accord- 

 ing to age. In perfectly adult birds the six outer primai'ies and 

 the central pair of rectrices bear only a small, i"ounded black spot 

 at the tip, while the plumage otherwise is pure white, some- 

 times with a scarcely perceptible greyish tinge on the pileum. 

 Immature males have much more black on the wings, and most, 

 if not all, of the rectrices tipped with black. The younger the 

 bird, the moi-e extended is the black colour. No. 2287 has not 

 only the black tips to the three outer primaries much larger than 

 tht specimens in more advanced stage, but the greater part of the 

 inner web of the remaining primaries is also black. The shafts of 

 the primaries are pure white in adult, black in immature males. 

 The latter, besides, have the bastard-quills and primary coverts 

 edged or tipped with black. 



No. 2273 is changing from the grey juvenile plumage into the 

 white of the adult. Another, still younger, male, No. 2274, 

 resembles the females, but may be distingviished by its larger size, 

 much paler cinereous upper parts and breast, whiter bellj^, etc. 

 A specimen in the Tring Museum from Ventana, N.W. Ecuador, 

 is exactly like it. 



(J. hopkei is peculiar to the hot, forest-covered lowlands of 



