206 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 



LLANDUDNO AND DENBIGHSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 



By WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S. 



During the month of July, 1883, I had the opportunity of 

 collecting mollusks in four counties of North Wales. Notes 

 appear elsewhere on those obtained in FUntshire and Carnarvon- 

 shire, and the present paper records those obtained in the 

 Creuddyn peninsula (on which Llandudno is situated), and in 

 adjoining portions of Denbighshire. For although this peninsula 

 is politically a portion of Carnarvonshire, it is geographically 

 continuous with Denbighshire, and as such I propose to treat it, 

 together with all the other outlying pieces of Carnarvonshire 

 which are E. of the river Conway. 



My observations were for the most part confined to the 

 Creuddyn peninsula itself, which may be considered as being 

 composed of two masses of carboniferous limestone hills con- 

 nected by an isthmus of perfectly flat and level country, which in 

 its natural and original condition was marsh-land, as its Welsh 

 name ('Morfa') and the presence of numerous straight cut drains 

 denotes. The outermost hill is the famous Great Orme's Head, 

 so familiar from its bold and picturesque outline to all who have 

 sailed past the coast of North Wales. The Great Orme's 

 Head, a boss of limestone which rises sheer from the sea and 

 from the Morfa to a height of about 325 feet, is covered 

 with grassy sheep-pastures and abundance of loose stones. 

 Upon it are found in abundance Helix vtrgata, H. aspersa, 

 H. caperata, H. rofundata, and Pupa mnMlicata, and on it also 

 occur in more or less numbers Zonites alHariiis, Helix nipestris, 

 H pulchella, and Cochlicopa lubrica. In a sheltered hollow on 

 its eastern aspect, called the ' Happy Valley,' Cyclostoma 

 elegans was very numerous in 1877 ; and right on the top of 

 the hill is a sheltered field in a hollow, which abounds in 

 flowers, and in which most of the shells mentioned, together 

 with Clausilia rugosa, occur in considerable numbers. Of water 



I.e., iv., July, 1884. 



