1899.] ON THE BRAIN" OP THE GORILLA. 65 



four kilometres for the couveuience of driving the game. There 

 are nearly four hundred lineal kilometres of these rides. 



" Mr. Neverli estimates the herd of Bisons at the present time 

 at about seven hundred, and he puts the Elk, which frequent the 

 wettest parts, at the same number. The wild Boars, judging by 

 their frequent rootings, must be very numerous. B-ed deer were not 

 formerly found in the forest, but have been introduced. I could 

 not find out that there was any satisfactory basis for Mr. Neverli's 

 calculation of the numbers of the herd of Bisons. Judging by 

 the number of tracks which I saw, I am inclined to be sceptical of 

 it. Every naturalist will be anxious to know whether the herd 

 is diminishing or not. Mr. Neverli is of opinion that the herd 

 was formerly more numerous, but such estimates may be based on 

 some calculation even less authoritative than those of the present 

 time.^ The privilege of hunting in this forest was confined for 

 centuries to the Kings of Poland exclusively." 



The following papers were read : — 



1. A Contribution to our Knowledge of the Cerebral Con- 

 volutions of the Gorilla. By Frank E. Beddard, 

 M.A., F.R.S. 



[Received February 7, 1899.] 



From a valuable summary of the literature relating to the 

 Gorilla, contributed to ' Natural Science' by Dr. Keith, it appears 

 that no more than twelve brains of this Anthropoid Ape have been 

 submitted to examination. Of these at least that of which some 

 account has been given in the ' Transactions ' of this Society by 

 Sir R. Owen was in so poor a state of preservation that not much 

 of value can be deduced from the data. 



The most elaborate descriptions of the cerebral convolutions of 

 this anthropoid are chose of v. BischofE, Broca, and Chapman, all 

 based, however, on single examples. The specimen studied by 

 V. Bischoff had been previously described and figured (but not 

 explained) by Pansch, a reproduction of which figures, with some 

 comment thereon by Prof. Thane, appeared in vol, xv. ot ' Nature.' 

 Other references to Gorilla brains that have been studied will be 

 found in the list of literature with which I conclude the present 

 communication. Some doubt was thrown by v. Bischofi: upon the 

 genuineness (as a Gorilla's brain) of the specimen described by 

 Broca ; Chapman, however, held that it was certainly a Gorilla's 

 brain, and I associate myself with him in this expression of 

 opinion. All (?) the Gorillas' brains existing in Germany at the 

 time — most, if not all, of which had been previously studied by 

 himself and by Pansch — were brought together and subjected to a 



^ Herr E. Biichner (M6m. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb. (8) iii. no. 2) states 

 that the herd in 1856 numbered nearly 1900, and expresses his opinion that the 

 diminution is caused by " breeding-in." 



Proc. Zool. Soc— 1899, No. V. 5 



