JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 89 



Extraordinary finds of Vertigo pygmaea Drap. 

 at Clitheroe, Lancashire, and Beezley, Yori<shire. — 



In September, 1890, Messrs. W. Moss and R. Cairns took 

 Vertigo pygmcea in great quantity in an old limestone quarry 

 near Clitheroe. The slope of this quarry is covered with loose 

 debris, barren of any kind of vegetation, and the Vertigos occur 

 under the stones in company with Z. fiilvus, If. pygmcea, H. 

 pidchella, Coch. lubrica, V. pellucida, and B. obsciirus, the latter 

 very fine and plentiful. Upwards of 200 Vertigos — all fine, 

 mature specimens — were collected in about an hour. The 

 Manchester Branch made an Excursion to this spot on the 

 13th of September last, and upwards of 3,000 Vertigos were 

 obtained, a number which could readily have been doubled had 

 time permitted. As many as thirty specimens were taken from 

 underneath one small stone. What the animals can find to 

 feed upon is a mystery, the stones being quite bare; but 

 probably they find support in some small microscopic plants. 

 Mr. Moss also discovered a very similar congregation of V. 

 pygnKsa, in an old quarry, much resembling the Clitheroe one, 

 at Beezley, near Ingleton, Yorkshire, during August last. In a 

 very short time he collected several hundreds of specimens, all 

 living, from underneath the loose stones and debris of the 

 place, but found no other species living there. He showed 

 these at the September meeting of the Branch. — R. Standen, 

 November i6th, i8gi. 



Pupa ringens in Cheshire. — This species turned up 

 in considerable quantity in a wood at Marpie on the occasion 

 of the Whit-week excursion of the Manchester branch, on June 

 6th. It occurred in a very damp situation amongst moss and 

 Jungermannia, in company with Helix aciileata, Carychiuiii, 

 Vertigo edentula, Zonites puriis, Z. fiilvus, Z. crystaliinus, and 

 Limncea truncaiula, all of which were abundant. The specimens 

 are richly coloured, with dark-red mouths. So far as I can 

 ascertain, this is the first record of this shell for Cheshire. — 

 R. Standen, Manchester, September 13th, 1892. 



