I30 



SCIENCE 



[Vol. XIX. No. 474 



above. It is tbe bolt flung from heaven in the lightning, and 

 ■which was thought to contain a spark of the heavenly fire. In 

 pre-historic archseology, the wielder of the bolt is generally repre- 

 sented under the shape of a bird, which, according to the develop- 

 ment of the people, is either the embodiment or the messenger of 

 the ruling spirit of heaven. In Egypt, with the development of 

 sun-worship, the Halvk of Horus, the embodiment of the upper 

 space, in the course of time was represented as entering the sun, 

 which is spoken of as the ' body ' in which the divine spirit dwells, 

 and which, in the form of the Horus of Edfu, as the flying sun- 

 disc, becomes the 'heavenly Striker.' " 



— The Museum of Archaeology and Palaeontology of the Univer- 

 sity of Pennsylvania has been reorganized as a department of the 

 university by the trustees, under the direction of a Board of Man- 

 agers, of whom thirty are appointed by tbe University Archaeo- 

 logical Association, and six by the trustees of the university. 

 This action has been found necessary through the rapid extension 

 of the collections and increased interest in the work. The museum 

 is divided into four sections, American, Babylonian, Egyptian, 

 and Oriental, each in charge of a special curator. The University 

 Archaeological Association, by whose efforts the collections were 

 brought together, defrays all expenses. It now numbers about 

 three hundred contributing members. Mr. Charlemagne Lowe is 

 president of the department, and Dr. William Pepper, the provost, 

 is president of the association. 



— In his Shaft uck lecture Dr. Co wles sums up the symptoms 

 and the treatment of neurasthenia as follows : the central funda- 

 mental fact is nervous weakness, manifested primarily in two 

 ways: (1) by an exactly parallel weakness of mental inhibitory 

 control through voluntary attention, and (2) by the central motive 

 element of a lowered emotional tone, from a sense of ill-being. 

 The first of these indications may be concealed, even from the 

 patient himself, by intensified interest and increase of effort ; the 

 second he feels and soon betrays. The complex auxiliary condi- 

 tions of changes In the sensations, irritability and hyperaesthesia, 

 languor and anaesthesia, and their causes, are manifested a little 

 later than the primary mental effects. The point of attack in the 

 treatment is the central emotional tone. There are two ways of 

 approach to it : (1) through the body, restoring its strength and 

 well-being, mental comfort and control follow; (3) through at- 

 tracted attention and suggested ideas we reach the emotional tone, 

 — healthful feeling and interest attend upon wholesome ideas. 



— The Museum of Archeeology of the University of Pennsylva- 

 nia has just received from the Egypt Exploration Fund a colossal 

 statue of Eameses II , which has been set up in the hall of the 

 Library Building. The statue, which is eight feet in height, was 

 found among the ruins of the Great Temple at Har-shefi (Hauls), 

 the herakleopolis of the Greeks, during the excavations undertaken 

 by the Egypt Exploration Fund, under the supervision of Mr. E. 

 Naville in the winter of 1891. Hanls was the seat of government 

 -during the ninth and tenth dynasties of Mantheo (fourth millen- 

 xiium B.C.), as shown by the corroborative evidence of inscriptions 

 found in contemporary tombs at Siiit. Unfortunately, no remains 

 of the older buildings were found, and the earliest dated fragments 

 uncovered date from the twelfth dynasty, and even these were 

 few. The temple was rebuilt by Eameses 11., and this monument 

 formed part of this later edifice (Ca. B.C. 1330). According to the 

 ■curator, Mrs. Cornelius Stevenson, the hieroglyphs cut in the 

 back and sides of the royal seat give the king's name and titles: 

 the crowned "Horus," the "Mighty Bull," "Beloved of Amon," 

 or "Maat," or "Ptah," or "Ra,"' or "Knum;" "Sonof Ra," 



"Ramessu Meri Amon," "Chosen by Ra," "Lord of the two 

 Sands," "Lord of Diadems," " Giving Life like Ra," etc. 



— The committee appointed last September by the American 

 Association for the Advancement of Science to raise the sum of 

 five hundred dollars for the continuance, during the year 1893, of 

 the American table at the Naples station, take pleasure in an- 

 nouncing to the American scientists that through the liberality of 

 the American Association, the University of Indiana, the Associa- 

 tion of American Naturalists, Professor C. O Whitman of Clark 

 University, and Major Alexander Henry Da^is of Syracuse, N.Y., 

 the necessary sum of money has been subscribed, and the table is 



now at the disposal of the American biologists. Applications for 

 the privilege of working at the station should be addressed to the 

 committee, care of C. W. Stil(-s, Ph.D., Bureau of Animal Indus- 

 try, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. ; 

 or, should any American biologist in Europe not have time to 

 communicate with the committee, application may be made to 

 Geheimrath A. Dohrn, director of the zoological station, Naples, 

 Italy. Scientific journals throughout the United States please 

 copy. 



— The American Journal of Psychology is about to make a 

 slight change in its editorship; beginning with the next number 

 E. W. Scripture, Ph.D. (Leipzig) is to be associated with President 

 Hall. 



— The experiment station of Cornell University has conducted 

 three experiments carried through as many seasons, for the pur- 

 pose of determining whether it is profitable to feed grain to cows 

 when on good pasture. The first two experiments were made at 

 the station, on lots of three cows each, the cows being in good 

 condition and running on good pasture. As some objection was 

 raised against this test on the ground that the pastures used were 

 too rich and the cows too well fed to show the best results from 

 grain feeding in the summer time, the experiment of 1891 

 was transferred to a herd of sixteen Jerseys and Jersey 

 grades, belonging to Messrs. C. M. and W. L. Bean of Mc- 

 Grawville, N.Y. This herd had been accustomed to only a 

 moderate grain ration in winter and never had any grain 

 in summer. This herd was divided into two lots of eight cows 

 each, the division being made by the station on the basis of 

 weight, length of time in milk, length of time in calf, yield of 

 milk per day and per cent of fat in milk, and was indorsed by the 

 owners of the herd in the opinion that " the cows were as evenly 

 divided as it was possible for them to be." The experiment con- 

 tinued from May 23 to Oct. 23, or twenty-two weeks. One lot of 

 cows received each day four quarts of a mixture of two parts 

 corn meal, one part bran, and one part cotton-seed meal by weight, 

 fed in two feeds, night and morning, when the cows were brought 

 in to be milked. The general results of the three years' experi- 

 ments are summarized as follows: In 1889, in a season in which 

 the pasturage was very luxuriant throughout the whole summer, 

 with three cosvs in each lot, the grain-fed lot gave considerably 

 less milk, which was so much richer in butter fat, that the total but- 

 ter production was practically the same in the two lots. In this 

 experiment the grain feeding was commenced about a month after 

 the cows had gone to pasture. In 1890, in a season in which the 

 pasturage was luxuriant, except for a short time in the middle of 

 the summer, with three cows in each lot, the total amount of 

 butter-fat produced was almost exactly the same in both lots. In 

 this experiment the grain-fed lot continued to receive the same 

 ration on pasture that they have been receiving during the winter 

 on dry feed. In 1890, in an experiment on soiling with grass 

 alone, with grass and grain, just about enough more butter was 

 produced by the grain feed to pay for the increased cost of the 

 grain ration. In 1891, in a season in which at no time the pasture 

 was very luxuriant, with eight cows in each lot, the grain-fed lot 

 produced just enough more milk and butter to pay for the in- 

 creased cost of the grain ration. In this experiment the grain 

 feeding was begun about two weeks after the cons went to pasture. 



— The fir.st lecture, on the religions of Egypt, in the University 

 of Pennsylvania Lecture Association's course on '■ Ancient Relig- 

 ions,'' was delivered by Mrs. Cornelius Stevenson, at Association 

 Hall, on the afternoon of Feb. 35. The title of this introductory 

 lecture was " Primitive Egypt and its Relation to the Stone Age." 

 It was prefaced with a general geographical description of the 

 country, special notice being taken of the changes it has undergone 

 since the opening of the historical period. The lecturer dwelt at 

 length on the various theories concerning Egyptian origins, and 

 on the originality of Egyptian culture, whose earliest seat was in 

 Upper Egypt. Among the intt resting survivals from prehistoric 

 times are the stone implements, from which can be derived a no- 

 tion of primeval ideas and customs. The first traces of religious 

 awakening are betrayed in the cave- burial and the care of the de- 

 parted. The problem of his present life and its mysterious cessa- 



