286 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. XIX. No. 485 



SCIENCE: 



A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER OF ALL THE ARTS AND SCIENCES. 



PUBLISHED BY 



N. D. C. HODGES, 



874 Broadway, New York. 



Sdbsckiptions.— United States and Canada S3.50 a year. 



Great Britain and Europe 4.50 a year. 



Communications will be welcomed from any quarter. Abstracts of scientific 

 papers are solicited, and one hundred copies of the issue containing such will 

 be mailed the author on request in advance. Rejected manuscripts will be 

 returned to the authors only when the requisite amount of postage accom- 

 panies the manuscript. Whatever is intended for insertion must be authenti- 

 cated by the name and address of the writer; not necessarily for publication, 

 but as a guaranty of good faith. We do not hold ourselves responsible for 

 any view or opinions expressed in the communications of our correspondents. 



Attention is called to the *' Wants " column. It is invaluable to those who 

 use it in soliciting information or seeking new positions. The name and 

 address of applicants should be given in full, so that answers will go direct to 

 them-. The " Exchange " column is likewise open. 



For Advertising Rates apply to Hbnrt F. Taylor, 47 Lafayette Place, New 

 Fork. 



CURRENT NOTES ON ANTHROPOLOGY. —VI. 



[Edited by D. G. Brinton, M.D., LL.D.'i 

 Proto-Historic Ethnology of Asia Minor. 



A BEAUTIFUL book, just published ia London, Perrot and 

 Chipiez's " History of Art in Ptirygia, Lydia, Caria, and 

 Lycia," sums up in an attractive manner the authors' opin- 

 ions about tbe etbnolojfy of Asia Minor at the dawn of his- 

 tory. They recognize that the evidence all points to the 

 western origin of the Aryan peoples then dwelling there. 

 The Phrygians, Mysians, Bithynians, Lydians, Carians, Ly- 

 cians, and Armenians, all spoke languages and dialects 

 belonging to the Aryan stock, and all can be traced back to 

 their ancient seats in Thrace. Of these, the Lycians, whose 

 tongue presents marked analogies to Zend and Sanscrit, were 

 probably the first to cross the Hellespont. 



This great Hellenic migration doubtless occupied cen- 

 turies. It was approximately coincident with two famous 

 events in the history of the country — the fall of the power- 

 ful Hittite kingdom, and the Trojan war; in other words, it 

 occurred about twelve hundred years before the Christian era. 

 The Hittites fell beneath the attacks of these Greek invaders 

 and the forces of Ramses III. of the nineteenth dynasty. A 

 number of them took refuge in Cyprus, as it is just at this 

 time that the Hittite influence on Cypriote art becomes visi- 

 ble. Though Perrot and Chipiez do not call attention to 

 this latter fact, it is attested by recent excavations (reported 

 in the American Journal of Archceology, Sept., 1891). 



A materially different sketch of the subject is that laid 

 before the Anthropological Society of Vienna in January 

 last by Professor W. Tomaschek. He grants that the Phry- 

 gians, Armenians, Mseonians, Skaians, and Cabali were of 

 Aryan blood and European origin; but he denies both of 

 these traits for the Carians, Lykaonians, Pisidians, and 

 Lycians. All these and many smaller tribes he would 

 group into a widespread, isolated linguistic stock, along with 

 the Leleges of the Grecian peninsula. Its easternmost branch 



wei-e the Tiburani, who lived on the western slope of the 

 Cilician Amanus, and whom he identifies with the Tabala of 

 tbe Assyrian inscriptions and the Tubal of the Book of Gene- 

 sis. The Alarodi of Lake Van were another member. 



Physically, this stock was short and brachycephalic, and 

 succumbed easily to Aryan and Semitic inroads. Fragments 

 of its language can still be collected from the current dia- 

 lects of Asia Minor, especially in Cappadocia; for instance, 

 sis, lingir; seven tiitli ; eight, mfitli; nine, danjar or 

 tsanJcar; woman, lada; child, one; daughter, zzemaza; son, 

 teddeme; etc. These words show no aflBnity with any other 

 tongue. The frequent locative terminations assus, essus, 

 and anda, occurring throughout Greece and Asia Minor, 

 belong to this ancient speech, and serve to deflne its limits. 



The culture of its members was by no means savage, as 

 the Cyclopean walls of Hellas were Lelegian structures, and 

 the names and worship of Apollo, Artemis, and other Grecian 

 deities were derived from the same source. So, at least, is 

 Professor Tomaschek's opinion, whose article is printed in 

 the last issue of the '' Mittheilungen "' of the society referred 

 to. 



Ethnography of India. 



Dr. Emil Schmidt is dooent of anthropology in Leipzig 

 and author of an excellent text-book, " Anthropologische 

 Methoden." In recent numbers of the Globus he has given 

 briefly the results of some of his studies on the physical 

 characteristics of the natives of India. The article is illus- 

 trated from his own photographs and presents some highly 

 interesting types. 



Dr. Schmidt does not quite agree with the observations of 

 Mr. Risley, to which I have alluded in Science, April 8. 

 His own classiQcation of the native types is as follows: — 



1. Narrow nosed, fair skinned. 



2. Broad nosed, fair skinned. 



3. Narrow nosed, dark skinned. 



4. Broad nosed, dark skinned. 



No. 2 he acknowledges is merely a mixed type, result- 

 ing from intermarriage of the white Aryan with the 

 Dravidian stock. The real contention comes on No. 3, the 

 narrow nosed, dark skinned type. An example of these are 

 the Klings, day-laborers, constantly seen in the commercial 

 cities of the Straits and the neighboring islands. They are 

 considered of Telugu or Tamil origin, but have fine and regu- 

 lar features, symmetrical bodies and superior beauty; yet 

 their color withal is often that of the darkest shades of the 

 scale. They have been considered of mixed descent, but 

 against this theory their hue and the fixity of the type seem 

 to militate. 



In conclusion. Dr. Schmidt expresses himself as opposed 

 to designating the two ground-forms of Indian ethnic types 

 by the terms "Aryan" and "Dravidian;" because these 

 are rather linguistic than ethnographic designations. Bet- 

 ter, he thinks, refer to them as light and dark, platyrhinie 

 and leptorhinic types. 



The Identity of Primitive Art-Motives. 



It would be well worth while for those who seek to estab- 

 lish ethnic affiliations or prehistoric connections between 

 nations, on the basis of the identity of their art and decorative 

 designs, to peruse carefully the little work of Professor Alois 

 RaimundHein of Vienna, " Meander, Kreuze, Hakenkreuze, 

 und Urmotivische Wirbelornamente in Amerika" (Wien, 

 Alfred Holder). It is the result of nearly a score of years* 

 study of stylistic ornament and the development of design. 



In this essay tbe author has confined himself to art-motives 

 found among the native tribes of America, numerous exam- 



