320 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. XIX. No. 487 



forty people are cousins to the entire population of Boston ; does 

 that relation either prove or disprove their possession of traits in 

 common that do not appear among 40 other cousins of 40 different 

 names ? Enquirer. 



The Systematic Position of the Diptera. 



In reply to the article, by Professor J. M. Aldrich, in Science 

 of April 36, I will say that the Diptera are undoubtedly the most 

 highly specialized order of insects. Professor Hyatt deserves 

 credit for apparently being the first one to call attention to this 

 idea and oifer proofs to sustain it. His idea of what constitutes 

 specialization is correct, from my standpoint. I realize the force 

 of Professor Aldrich's remark, when he says that this line of 

 reasoning will apparently lead us to the conclusion that the 

 Pupipara are the highest insects; but I am inclined to believe 

 that the higher families of Cyclorrhapha will be found to exhibit 

 greater specialization. Everything points to their being of the 

 most recent origin. If anything has been published on the 

 the embryology of the Pupipara, I am not aware of it. Embryo- 

 logical research alone will clear up this point, and there is no 

 reason in the world why it should not show that the Pupipara have 

 long ago passed through stages now occupied by apparently more 

 highly developed Diptera, but it is improbable, to say the least. If it 

 can be demonstrated, I shall be glad to accept the Pupipara as 

 the highest insects. C. H, Tylee Townsend. 



Las Crucaa, N. M., May 26. 



A Botaaical Congress and Botanical Nomenclature. 



I HAVE read your note of May 20, with reference to the action 

 of the Botanical Club of Washington ujoon the questions of a 

 botanical congress and botanical nomenclature. It has always 

 seemed to me wise for American botanists first to agree among 

 themselves in reference to this matter, and then they will be in a 

 better position to come to an understanding with the rest of the 

 world. There is no more representative body of American bot- 

 anists than the Botanical Club of the American Association. It 

 is perfectly democratic; every botanist in the country can join it 

 and take part in its discussions. It may be questioned whether 

 its boundaries are not too ill-defined to make it a fit body to decide 

 such important questions; but it is sm-ely a capital place for their 

 discussion. John M. Coulter. 



Bloomington, Ind., May 25. 



AMONG THE PUBLISHERS. 

 The first number of the Yale Review, a quaterly journal of 

 history and political science, has just been issued for the month 

 of May. It is edited by Professor George P. Fisher and others of 

 Yale University, but will welcome contributions from every 

 quarter and from every school. The papers in this opening 

 number are on "German Tariff Policy, Past and Present," by 

 Henry Villard and Henry W. Farnam; on "The Demarcation 

 Line of Pope Alexander VI," by E. G. Bourne; on "Legal 



Societas Entomologica. 



International Entomological Society, Zu- 



rich-Hottingen, Switzerland. 



Annual fee, ten francs. 



The Journal of the Society appears twice a 

 month, and consists entirely of original ar- 

 ticles on entomology, with a department for 

 advertisements. All members may use this 

 department free of cost for advertisements 

 relating to entomology. 



The Society consists of about 450 members 

 in all countries of the world. 



The new volume began April 1, 1892. The 

 numbers already issued will be sent to new 

 members. 



For information address Mr. Feitz EtTHL, 

 President of the Societas Entomologica, 

 Zurich-Hottingen, Switzerland. 



NEO-DARWimSM AND NEO-LAMARCKISM. 



By LESTE.i F. WARD. 

 Annual address of the President of the Biologica 

 Society of Washington delivered Jan. 24, 1891. A 

 historical and critical review of modem scientiao 

 thought relative to heredity, and especially to the 

 problem of the transmission of acquired characters, 

 The following are the several heads involved in the 

 discussion Status of the Problem, Lamarckism. 

 Darwinism, Acquired Characters, Theories of He- 

 redity, Views of Mr. Galton, Teachings of Professor 

 Weismann, A Critique of Weismann, Neo-Darwin- 

 ism, Neo-Lamarckism, the American "School,*" Ap- 

 plication to the Human Race. In so far as views 

 are expressed they are in the main in Una with the 

 general current of American thought, and opposed 

 to the extreme doctrine of the non-transmissibility 

 of acquired characters. 



Price, postpaid, 25 cents, 



N. D. C. 



, 874 Broadway, ». Y. 



m^^^gL 



A TEMPORARY BINDER 



for Science is now ready, and will be mailed 

 postpaid on receipt of 75 cents. 



This binder is strong, durable and 

 elegant, has gilt side-title, and al- 

 lows the opening of the pages per- 

 fectly flat. Any number can be 

 ^i jfi"""""^ \ taken out or replaced without dis- 

 li ^^^^.."^ turbing the others, and the papers 

 are not mutilated for subsequent 

 permanent binding. Filed in this 

 binder, Science\s always convenient 

 for reference. 



N. D. C. HODGES, Publisher, 



874 Broadway, New York. 



Exchanges. 



[Freeof charge to all, if ofsatisfactory character 



Address N. D. C. Hodges, 874 Broadway, New York.l 



Taxidermist going out of business has quantity of 

 finely-mounted specimens of North American birds, 

 mammals and reptiles and skias of birds for sale, 

 including a full local collection of bird skins, show- 

 ing some great variations of species; also quantity 

 of skulls with horns of deer and mountain sheep, 

 and mounted heads of same. Will give good ex- 

 change for Hawk Eye camera with outfit. Apply 

 quickly to J. R. Thurston, 265 Yonge St., Toronto, 

 Canada. 



For eKchange. — A fine thirteen-keyed flute in leathe 

 covered case, for a photograph camera suitable for mak 

 ing lantern slides. Flute cost $27, and is nearly new 

 U. O. COX, Maukato, Minn. 



Te exchange ; Experiment Station bulletins and 

 reports for bulletins and reports not in my file. I 

 will send list of what I have for exchange. P. H, 

 ROLFS, Lake City, Florida. 



Finished specimens of all colors of Vermont marble for 

 fine fossils or crystals. Will be given only for valuable 

 specimens because of the cost of polishing. GEO. \V. 

 PERRY, State Geologist, Rutland, Vt. 



For exchange. — Three copies of " American State 

 Papers Bearing on Sunday Legislation," 1891, 82.50, new 

 and unused, for "'The Sabbath," by Harmon Kingsbury, 

 1840; ''The Sabbath," by A. A. Phelps, 1842; " History 

 of the Institution of the Sabbath Day, Its Uses and 

 Abuses," by \V. L. Fisher, i8.;q: " Humorous Phases of 

 the Law," by Irving Browne 

 to value of books exchanged, 

 mental legislation in reference 

 etc. If preferred. I will sell 

 and buy other books on the subject. WILLIAM AD' 

 DISON BLAKELY, Chicago, III. 



>r other works amounting 

 the question of govern- 

 religion. personal liberty. 



For Sale or Exchange for books a complete private 

 chemical laboratory' outfit. Includes large Becker bal- 

 ance (200g. to i-iomg.), platinum dishes and crucibles, 

 agate motors, glass-blowing apparatus, etc. For sale in 

 part or whole. Also complete file of Sim-man's jQiirnal, 

 1862-1885 (62-71 bound); Smithsonian Reports, 1854-1883; 

 U. S. Coast Survey. 1854-1863. Full particulars to en- 

 quirers. F. GARDINER. JR., Pomfret, Conn. 



Wanted, in exchange for the following works, any 

 standard works on Surgery and on Diseases of Children: 

 Wilson's "American Ornithologv','" 3 vols.; Coues' "Birds 

 of the Northwest" and '* Birds of the Colorado Valley," 

 2 vols.; Minot's "Land and Game Birds of New Eng- 

 land;" Samuels' " Our Northern and Eastern Birds;" all 

 the Reports on the Birds of the Pacific R. R. Survey, 

 bound in 2 vols., morocco; and a complete set of the 

 Reports of the Arkansas Geological Survey. Please give 

 editions and dates in corresponding. R. ELLSWORTH 

 CALL. High School, Des Momesriowa. 



To exchange Wright's *'■ Ice Age in North America" 

 and Le Conte's "Elements of Geology" (Copyright 1882) 

 for "Darwinism," by A. R.Wallace. "Origin of Species," 

 by Darwin. "Descent of Man." by Darwin, "Man's 

 Place in Nature," Huxley, "Mental Evolution in Ani- 

 mals," by Romanes. "Pre- Adamites," by Winchell. No 

 books wanted except latest editions, and books in good 

 condition, C. S. Brown, Jr., Vanderbilt University, 

 Nashville, Tenn. 



Wants, 



Any person seeking a position /or whick he is quali- 

 fied by his scientific attainments^ or any person seeking 

 some one to fill a position of this character^ be it thai 

 0/ a teacher of science^ chemist., draughtsman^ or what 

 not, may have the " Want* inserted under this head 

 FREE OF COST, if he satisfies the publisher of the suit- 

 able character of his application. A ny person seeking 

 znfor?nation on any scientific question, the address of 

 auy scientific man., or ijuho can in any ivay use this 

 column for a purpose consonant with the nature of 

 the paper., is cordially invited to do so. 



WANTED.— We want any and 8 U of the following 

 providing we can trade other books and maga" 

 zines or buy them cheap for cash: Academy, Lon 

 don, vol. 1 to 28, 35, Jan. and Feb., '89; Age of Steel, 

 vol. 1 to 66; American Antiquarian, vol. 1, 2; Ameri- 

 can Architect, vol. 1 to 6, 9; American Art Review, 

 vol. 3; American Field, voL 1 to 21: American Geol- 

 ogist, vol. 1 to 6; American Machinist, vol. 1 to 4; 

 Art Amateur, vol. 1 to 7, Oct., '4; Art Interchange, 

 vol. 1 to 9; Art Union, vol. 1 to 4, Jan., '44, July, '45; 

 Bibliotheca Sacra, vol.1 to 46; Godey's Lady's Book, 

 vol. 1 to 20; New Englander, vol. 11; Zoologist, Series 

 1 and 1, Series 8 vol, 1 to 14; Allen Armendale (a 

 novel). Raymer's"01d Book "Store, 243 4th Ave. 

 S., Minneapolis, Minn. 



WANTED. — By a young man, a Swarthmore Col- 

 lege junior, a position as principal of a public 

 high school in one of the Gulf States, or as instractor 

 in botany, physiology, and geology in an academy 

 or normal school. Address B., care of Librarian, 

 Swarthmore College, Penn. 



WANTED.— A teacher of Geology who is familiar 

 with the fossils of the Hamilton Group, as 

 instructor of Geology during July next at the Natu- 

 ral Science Camp on Canandaigua lake. Apply to 

 ALBERT L. AREY, Director, 229 Averill Ave., 

 Rochester, N. Y. 



WANTED.— To act as correspondent for one or 

 two daily or weekly papers. Have worked on 

 paper for about two years Would like a position on 

 editorial staff of humorous paper. Address GEO. 

 C. MASON, 14 Elm St., Hartford, Conn. 



TRANSLATOR wanted to read German architec- 

 tural works at sight (no writing). One familiar 

 with technical terms desired. Address "A.," Box: 

 149, New York Post Offiee, 



WANTED.— A position in a manufacturing estab- 

 lishment by a manufacturing Chemist of in- 

 ventive ability. Address M. W. B , care of Science, 

 874 Broadway, N. Y. 



WANTED.— Books on Anatomy and Hypnotism, 

 Will pay cash or give similar books in ex- 

 change. Also want medical battery and photo out- 

 fit. DR. ANDERSON, 182 State street, Chicago, 111. 



WANTED.— A college graduate with some normal 

 training, to teach the sciences, at $1,800 per 

 year, in a Southern college, A Baptist or a Method- 

 ist preferred. Must also be a first-class Latin 

 scholar. A. H, Beals, Box K, Milledgeville, Ga. 



ADDRESS WANTED.— Will some one please send 

 the address of the Secretary of the American- 

 Philological Society. Also that of Herbert Spencer. 

 "ADDISON," Room 84, 164 Madison St., Chicago, 111.. 



