August 22, 1890.] 



SCIENCE. 



Ill 



causes and results of the strikes and the costs to both parties. In 

 giving the number of strikes, each establishment is reckoned sep- 

 arately, so that if a general strike occurred affecting a hundred 

 establishments it counts in the report as a hundred strikes. On 

 this basis it appears that during the five years from 1885 to 1889 

 the number of strikes in the State was 9,384, of which 5,806 were 

 successful and 3,408 unsuccessful, while 50 were pending at the 

 time of making up the report. The loss to the laborers is set 

 down at over $8,000,000, and the gain in wages for five years at 

 upwards of $18,000,000. Commissioner Peck thiuks that there is 

 no likelihood of a discontinuance of strikes, and believes that on 



the whole they are beneticial to the laborers. He shows, how- 

 ever, that there is a strong disposition on the part of most labor 

 organizations to exhaust all peaceful means of settling difSculties 

 before striking, and quotes largely to this effect from their rules 

 and regulations. The feeling of many employers about labor dis- 

 putes is well expressed in a remark by one of their number which 

 is quoted in the report: " When they have us down they give it 

 to us; and when we have them down we give it to them " (p. 51). 

 The commissioner believes, however, that " large- souled employ- 

 ers have no hard feelings against employees who protect them- 

 selves in an open and honorable manner." 



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