September 5, 1890.] 



SCIENCE. 



139 



these are of enough importance to merit a separate discussion. 

 Figs. 3 and 4 exhibit these cases. It will be clearly understood 

 that these are the most serious discordances in the records for 

 more than three years and a half. If it is possible to explain or 

 elucidate these cases, we have practically attained the same result 

 in Austria that we found in this country. During both these pe- 

 riods a high area of great magnitude and persistency settled over 

 this region. We have no similar phenomena in this country as 

 this of high areas (30.7 inches) remaining over one spot for ten 

 days or a fortnight. In Fig. 3 there is no marked fall in temper- 

 ature at Salzburg; and at Gorz, on the south, the curve is almost 

 flat. If we could shift the Sonnblick curve five days later, we 

 would have an almost exact accordance between that and Gorz, 

 though I do not insist that that is a necessary view to take. 

 When we look at Fig. 4 we see that there is an exact accordance 

 between the Sonnblick and the Gorz curve for a part of the way, 

 and with Salzburg for the rest, so that here all the difficulty dis- 

 appears at once. We may well believe that in this mountain re- 

 gion there will be great irregularicies in the effect of the sun upon 

 the earth and atmosphere. During the prevalence of such high 

 areas the air becomes almost calm and stagnant, and it is an open 

 question whether under these conditions the sun may not have a 

 strong effect at the higher station during the day-time, while the 

 radiation at night would be very much less than at the base; and 

 hence there may be a steady accumulation of heat at the upper 

 station, while at the lower the curve would be nearly horizontal 

 or slightly depressed. It should be noted that while with the 

 progress of ordinary high areas there may be a fall of 30°, and 

 even 40°, at the base, yet in these cases it was very much less, 

 amounting to less than 10° in November. 



It is realized that this is merely a beginning in this discussion, 

 and it is hoped that others will take it up, for it is all-important 

 that this whole question be settled. H. A. Hazen. 



Washington, D.C., Aug. 26. 



AMONG THE PUBLISHERS. 



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