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Vol. XVI. NEW YORK, September 26, 1890. No. 399. 



Koch on Baoterioloqt 169 



Excavations in Jud^a ITO 



Sugar and the Sugar-Cane in 



Cuba 172 



The Unit Measure of Time 173 



Notes and News 174 



Imperial University of Japan. . 176 

 The Cheapest Form op Light... 177 



CONTENTS: 



Health Matters. 

 Female Medical Students in 



India , 178 



Treatment of Diphtheria 178 



The Work of a Health-Offlcer. ... 178 

 Letters to the Editor. 

 The Rotatory Motion of Heated 



Air. Charles W. Dulles 179 



Among the Publishers 179 



niPERIAL UNIVERSITY OF JAPAN. 



Inasmuch as the Teikoku Daigaku, or Imperial University, owes 

 its existence to the union of the late T6k\ o Daigaku and Kobu 

 Daigakko, it seems fitting, that, in tracing its history, reference 

 should be made to the origin of these two institutions. 



Tlie four departments of law, science, medicine, and literature, 

 which composed the Tokyo Daigaku, sprang, with the one excep- 

 tion of the department of medicine, from an institution of some 

 antiquity, founded hy the Tokugawa Government, and known 

 first as the Yogakujo, and afterwards as the Kaiseijo. This insti- 

 tution was, after the restoration of 18C8, revived by thelmperial 

 Government, and in January of the following year it opened its 

 doors anew for the first time. Special attention was devoted to 

 instruction in English and Fi-ench, to vrhich languages German 

 was soon afterwards added. In December of the same year the 

 college received the name of " Daigaku Nanko," or South College, 

 because of its location at Hitotsubashi to the south of the central 

 Daigaku, to which it was attached. The central Daigaku was 

 situated in the old Gakumonjo at Yushima. 



The Daigaku having been abolished in the year 1871, the Daigaku 

 Nanko, known simply as the Nanko, came directly under the con- 

 trol of the department of education; and in the following year, 

 when the country was mapped out into educational districts, it 



received the name of the "First Middle School of the First Grand 

 Educational District." 



In April of 1873 the name of the institution was changed to 

 " Kaisei-Gakko," and special courses of studies were instituted in 

 law, chemistry, engineering, polytechnics, and mining. In the 

 same year the institution was transferred to the new buildings just 

 completed at No. 1 Nishikicho SanchSme (Hitotsubashi Soto). In 

 1874 the word " Tokyo" was prefixed to the name of the institu- 

 tion, and it was called the " Tokyo Kaisei Gakko." In April of 

 1876 the department of education united this institution and the 

 Tokyo Igakko, or Medical College, so as to form the Tokyo 

 Daigaku or Tokyo University, comprising the four departments of 

 law, science, medicine, and literature. The departments of law, 

 science, and literature were combined in one institution, and one 

 president was appointed for all three. Another president had 

 charge of the medical department. 



The medical department sprang out of the Igakujo, — an insti- 

 tution in Shitaya originally belonging to the Tokugawa Govern- 

 ment, and revived by the Imperial Government in 1868. In the 

 following year this school and the hospital established for the 

 tending of the wounded in the war of 1868 were united under the 

 name of the "Medical School and Hospital."' Soon afterwards 

 the combined institution was attached to the Daigaku, and re- 

 ceived the name of " Daigaku Toko," or East College, because of 

 its position to the east of the central Daigaku. In 1871 it shor- 

 tened its name to "Toko," and in 1872 assumed the name of 

 "Igakko," or "Medical College in the First Grand Educational 

 District," which title was again changed to "Tokyo Igakko" in 

 the year 1874. 



In 1876, the new buildings at Hongo having been completed, 

 the college was transferred thither from Shitaya. In 1877 the 

 college became the medical department of the Tokyo Daigaku, or 

 Tokyo University. In 1881 the organization of the Tokyo Daigaku 

 was modified by the appointment of a president who should have 

 control not only of the four departments of law, science, medi- 

 cine, and literature, but also of the preparatory school. In Sep- 

 tember of 1884 the departments of law and literature removed to 

 the new brick building in Kaga Yashiki, Hongo. 



During the year 1885 various changes occurred. The central 

 office of the university was transferred to a building in the com- 

 pound at Hongo, the preparatory school dissolved its connectior^ 

 with the university and became an independent institution, the 

 department of science also removed to Hongo, and the Tokyo 

 Hogakko or Law School, under the control of the department of 

 justice, was merged in t)ie university. Also in the same year the 

 department of technology was created ; and courses in mechanical 

 and civil engineering, mining, applied chemistry, naval ai-chitec- 

 iTire, and kindred subjects were transferred to the new depart- 

 ment from the science department. The course of politics in the 

 literature department was likewise transferred to the law depart- 

 ment, henceforward to be known as the "Department of Law and 

 Politics." 



The Kobu Daigakko, originally known as the "Kogakko," was 

 instituted in 1871 in connection with the Bm-eau of Engineering: 

 in Ihe Public Works Depai-tment of the Imperial Government. 

 The institution was in 1872 divided inio the college and the pre- 

 paratory school. In 1874 the preparatory school was actually 

 opened for instruction in Yamato- Yashiki. Tameike; and in 1876 

 an art school was created in connection with the college. 



In 1877 the Bureau of Engineering was abolished, and the col- 

 lege was thenceforth called the "Kobu Daigakko," or "Imperial 

 College of Engineering." The same year witnessed the comple- 

 tion of the large new buildings at Toranomon, containing a cen- 

 tral hall, classrooms, laboratories, dormitories, and the full equip- 

 ment necessary for such an institution. 



In June, 1882, the term of engagement of the head professor,. 

 Mr. Henry Dyer, expired. He first arrived in Japan in June, 

 1873, was appointed head professor, and occupied at the same 

 time the chair of civil engineering. When lie first arrived, the 

 college was still in its infancy; and he set himself to plan the 

 cuiTiculum, and formulated the various college rules and regula- 

 tions. He also planned the college building. As head professor,. 

 he discharged his duties with untiring diligence for the long pe- 



