November 14, 1890.] 



SCIENCE. 



279 



including Several Species not before recorded from the Northern 

 States," by H. Qarman. 



— The annual of the OfiSce of Naval Intelligence (United States 

 Navy Department), bearing date of June, 1890, has just appeared. 

 It is No. IX. of the General Information Series, and is intended to 

 biing to the attention of naval ofificers and others interested in 

 naval matters the year's progress in naval development abroad, 

 and to preserve a record of it in permanent form for reference. 

 The volume exhibits the progress of foreign nations rather than 

 that of our own; and the information conveyed in the " Notes," 

 which occupy the most prominent place in the volume, is coui- 

 piled from professional papers and journals, almost all of it having 

 already appeared in print. Among the contents are notes on 

 ships and torpedo-boats and on machinery, ordnance, and armor; 

 on the application of electricity in the navy; and on the naval mano3u- 

 vres of 1889. There are also papers on " The Ministries of Marine 

 and Personnel of Several European Navies," " Administration of 

 the Jlerchant Maiine in Foreign Countries," " The Development 

 of Rapid-Fire Guns for Naval Use," "The Year's Development of 

 Home Resources for the Production of War Material," "Liquid 

 Fuel for Torpedo-Boats," " The Manoiuvring Distances of Steam- 

 ers," and "Automobile Torpedoes." Twelve plates add to the 

 value of the work. 



— The Popular Science Monthly will make a new departure in 

 1891 by publishing a series of comprehensive and fully illustrated 

 articles on "The Development of American Industries since 

 Columbus," in nhich the progress of iron and steel making, of the 

 cotton manufacture, and of the woollen, glass, leather, and other 

 leading industries, will be described by writers of long practical 



acquaintance with their respective subjects. It has been an- 

 nounced that one of the features of the coming world's fair is to 

 be a comparison of the great manufactures of to-day with the 

 condition of the same industries at the discovery of America, and 

 it is the design of these papers to describe the successive steps by 

 which the dislance between those two stages has been passed over. 

 The series begins in the issue for December, 1890 (the second 

 number of Volume XXXVIII.), with an account of the first steps 

 in iron-making in the Colonies, written by Mr. W. F. Durfee of 

 Pennsylvania. The full prospectus ot tlie Monthly for the coming 

 year will be printed in the same number. Hon. David A. Wells 

 will also begin during the coTntng year a series of papers on " The 

 Principles ot Taxation;" Dr. Andrew D. White's "New Chapters 

 in the Warfare of Science " will be continued ; and other articles 

 bearing upon the advances of science, and upon questions of the 

 day, are promised. What shall we do with the " Dago" ? — a puz- 

 zling question that seems likely to take rank with the Chinese 

 problem — will be discussed by Mr. Appleton Morgan in the De- 

 cember number. Among the greatest achievements of science are 

 the discoveries that sound, heat, and light are vibratory move- 

 ments, each in its proper medium. The nature of electricity, 

 however, has long remained unknown; but at last Dr. Henri 

 Hertz of Heidelberg has reached a result that has been widely 

 accepted by the most eminent physicists. A translation of his 

 own account of his discoveries, under the title "The Identity of 

 Light and Electricity,'" will be printed in the same number. The 

 bore of the Amazon will also be described by Mr. John C. Bran- 

 ner, State geologist of Arkansas. The "bore," which is one of 

 the most impressive phenomena of nature, occurs only in narrow 

 estuaries where high tides prevail. 



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